Aerosol-Based Cell Therapy for Treatment of Lung Diseases

Kardia, Egi; Halim, Nur Shuhaidatul Sarmiza Abdul; Yahaya, Badrul Hisham

doi:10.1007/7651_2016_327

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the environment in the hospital has to be appropriately managed for inhaled administration of a treatment in COVID-19 patients. A number of studies have demonstrated the feasibility of delivering stem cells via spray for direct pulmonary delivery with high viability (Kardia et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2016;Skolasinski et al, 2020). Inhalation route of stem cell administration is an opportunity for efficient delivery of stem cells directly to the lungs, yet it remains an under-explored research area in the field.…”

Section: Is the Treatment Efficacy Dependent On The Delivery Route?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Chrzanowski

Kim

McClements

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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A number of medicines are currently under investigation for the treatment of COVID-19 disease including anti-viral, anti-malarial, and anti-inflammatory agents. While these treatments can improve patient's recovery and survival, these therapeutic strategies do not lead to unequivocal restoration of the lung damage inflicted by this disease. Stem cell therapies and, more recently, their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), are emerging as new promising treatments, which could attenuate inflammation but also regenerate the lung damage caused by COVID-19. Stem cells exert their immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and reparative therapeutic effects likely through their EVs, and therefore, could be beneficial, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, in people with COVID-19. In this review article, we outline the mechanisms of cytokine storm and lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to COVID-19 disease and how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted EVs can be utilized to tackle this damage by harnessing their regenerative properties, which gives them potential enhanced clinical utility compared to other investigated pharmacological treatments. There are currently 17 clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic potential of MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19, the majority of which are administered intravenously with only one clinical trial testing MSC-derived exosomes via inhalation route. While we wait for the outcomes from these trials to be reported, here we emphasize opportunities and risks associated with these therapies, as well as delineate the major roadblocks to progressing these promising curative therapies toward mainstream treatment for COVID-19.

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Section: Is the Treatment Efficacy Dependent On The Delivery Route?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Chrzanowski

Kim

McClements

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Microsprayer aerosolizer is a quantitative aerosol drug delivery device for small animals that has been used in several studies (Figure 4f). [ 26 ] As can be seen from Figure 4g,h, RDSV‐NE‐AYQ particle size and PDI were not affected after atomization either with PARI BOY or with the microsprayer aerosolizer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

ACE2 Receptor‐Targeted Inhaled Nanoemulsions Inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 and Attenuate Inflammatory Responses

Wang,

Luo,

Xie

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Three kinds of coronaviruses are highly pathogenic to humans, and two of them mainly infect humans through Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）receptors. Therefore, specifically blocking ACE2 binding at the interface with the receptor‐binding domain is promising to achieve both preventive and therapeutic effects of coronaviruses. Alternatively, drug‐targeted delivery based on ACE2 receptors can further improve the efficacy and safety of inhalation drugs. Here, these two approaches are innovatively combined by designing a nanoemulsion (NE) drug delivery system (termed NE‐AYQ) for inhalation that targets binding to ACE2 receptors. This inhalation‐delivered remdesivir nanoemulsion (termed RDSV‐NE‐AYQ) effectively inhibits the infection of target cells by both wild‐type and mutant viruses. The RDSV‐NE‐AYQ strongly inhibits Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at two dimensions: they not only block the binding of the virus to host cells at the cell surface but also restrict virus replication intracellularly. Furthermore, in the mouse model of acute lung injury, the inhaled drug delivery system loaded with anti‐inflammatory drugs (TPCA‐1‐NE‐AYQ) can significantly alleviate the lung tissue injury of mice. This smart combination provides a new choice for dealing with possible emergencies in the future and for the rapid development of inhaled drugs for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

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“…For example, when MSCs and MSCs-Exo were injected into pneumonia patients, the pertaining trials exhibited nearly similar therapeutic effects [ 54 , 55 ]. On the other hand, cell-based inhalation therapy for treating lung infections has also progressed to clinical trials [ 56 , 57 ]. Additionally, some studies have suggested the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs and MSCs-Exo.…”

Section: Immunomodulation By Mesenchymal Stem Cells And/or Their Ementioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes as Immunomodulatory Agents for COVID-19 Patients

Alzahrani

Saadeldin

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Stem Cells International

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A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing lethal acute respiratory disease emerged in December 2019. The World Health Organization named this disease “COVID-19” and declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Many studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSCs-Exo), which are isolated from allogenic bone marrow stem cells, significantly lower the risk of alveolar inflammation and other pathological conditions associated with distinct lung injuries. For example, in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia patients, MSCs-Exo and MSCs provide similar healing properties and some clinical trials have used cell-based inhalation therapy which show great promise. MSCs and MSCs-Exo have shown potential in clinical trials as a therapeutic tool for severely affected COVID-19 patients when compared to other cell-based therapies, which may face challenges like the cells’ sticking to the respiratory tract epithelia during administration. However, the use of MSCs or MSCs-Exo for treating COVID-19 should strictly adhere to the appropriate manufacturing practices, quality control measurements, preclinical safety and efficacy data, and the proper ethical regulations. This review highlights the available clinical trials that support the therapeutic potential of MSCs or MSCs-Exo in severely affected COVID-19 patients.

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Aerosol-Based Cell Therapy for Treatment of Lung Diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections

ACE2 Receptor‐Targeted Inhaled Nanoemulsions Inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 and Attenuate Inflammatory Responses

The Potential Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes as Immunomodulatory Agents for COVID-19 Patients

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