Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1

Doremalen, Neeltje van; Bushmaker, Trenton; Morris, Dylan H.; Holbrook, Myndi G.; Gamble, Amandine; Williamson, Brandi N.; Tamin, Azaibi; Harcourt, Jennifer L.; Thornburg, Natalie J.; Gerber, Susan I.; Lloyd‐Smith, James O.; Wit, Emmie de; Munster, Vincent J.

doi:10.1056/nejmc2004973

Cited by 8,576 publications

(9,340 citation statements)

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“…SARS-CoV2 is transmitted primarily after viral particles are inhaled and enter the respiratory tract (1). In addition, the virus can survive for 24-72 hours on surfaces, depending on the type of surface, which enables fomite transmission (14).…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up

Bikdeli

Madhavan

Jiménez

et al. 2020

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

2,716

3,005

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Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-COV2 are currently considered at high risk of developing thromboembolic complications in both venous and arterial vessels. The use of anticoagulants for preventive or curative purposes should be considered to reduce the risk of thromboembolic events. We report a case of a patient with severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome who consecutively developed a right femoral deep vein thrombosis related to the femoral central line and acute ischemia of the left upper limb related to a radial arterial line. He was under a therapeutic dose of low molecular weight heparin twice a day three days before. The femoral vein was free of thrombosis while the central line was placed under a duplex ultrasound. Thromboembolic events can occur in patients with severe COVID-19 despite therapeutic anticoagulants. Close monitoring of vascular access with duplex ultrasound may be required.

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Section: Pathogenesis and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up

Bikdeli

Madhavan

Jiménez

et al. 2020

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

2,716

3,005

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“…Although it was found that the use of crowded public transport vehicles can be associated with the acquisition of infectious diseases, it can be argued that these findings do not support the effectiveness of suspending mass urban transport systems as a pandemic countermeasure aimed at reducing or slowing population spread because, whatever the relevance of public transport is to individuallevel risk, household exposure most likely poses a greater threat (Williams et al, 2010;Cooley et al, 2011).…”

Section: Public Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial JTH 16 –The Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 and implications for transport and health

Musselwhite

Avineri

Susilo

2020

Journal of Transport & Health

233

159

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generated by the novel human Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, countries across the world are taking measures in order to reduce the effects, or at least to slow it down, in order to better cope with public health and better manage its limited resources. Human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces (Kampf et al., 2020). While limited knowledge is available about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we have some experience with other infectious diseases that might have some similar characteristics. Hypermobility and the spread of diseaseRelevant to transport and health is how our hypermobile society spreads such a disease so quickly. Despite the early evidence to show that the human-to-human transmission of rates of COVID-19 is lower than SARS (Cascella et al., 2020), compared with its respiratory disease family, SARS and MERS, Peeri et al. (2020) show that COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due in part to increased globalisation and the first epicentre's (Wuhan) accessibility. Wu, J. T. et al. (2020) argue that the abundance of connecting flights, the timing of the outbreak during the Chinese New Year, and the extraordinary rail accessibility of Wuhan to the rest of China has enabled the virus to spread throughout the country, and eventually, globally, in a very short time.We are so connected to one another across the globe for work, for leisure and to stay connected to families and friends. The success of our transport system in terms of mobility and safety means we've become used to taking long haul flights and world cruises with little regard for potential negative side effects. Data from Statistica (2020), show that the number of passengers on scheduled commercial airlines have increased 137% in the past 15 years (Mazareanu, 2020). Although the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been warned about in the past, the timing and trajectory of it is something very hard to predict. But we have become so blas� e to the negative side effects of large scale travel and mobility that we consider it normal to do long journeys and expect little to no negative externalities or that someone else is taking care of those, whether they are pollution, injuries, or the break-up of local communities. Effects of curtailing transportIn addition, we see the mass consequences of having to curtail mobility with many countries introducing lock-downs with significant repercussions for work, but also for fulfilling everyday duties, getting shopping in and seeing friends and family. Who knows at the moment how long such a lock down will last in many countries, and further what effect it will have on changing our mobility

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“…Exposure to the Huanan seafood market was common among the earliest cases contributing to the SARS-CoV2 epidemic in China suggesting that this was a zoonotic disease with an intermediate animal host (non-aquatic animals were sold in the market) (35) (38). In fact, the Japanese National Institute of Infectious Disease reported detection of SARS-CoV2 RNA on surfaces in the cabins of symptomatic and asymptomatic passengers on the Diamond Princess up to 17 days after they were vacated (39).…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 for the Cardiologist

Atri

Siddiqi

Lang

et al. 2020

JACC: Basic to Translational Science

265

137

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Highlights-Severe acute respiratory virus-2 (SARS-CoV2), the infection responsible for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), has spread globally leading to a devastating loss of life. In a few short months, the clinical and scientific communities have rallied to rapidly evolve our understanding of the mechanism(s) of disease and potential therapeutics. -This review discusses the current understanding of the basis virology of SARS-CoV2 and the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, including cardiovascular, and mortality of COVID-19. A detailed review of the viral life cycle and putative mechanism(s) of injury frames the discussion of possible preventative and therapeutic strategies. -The ongoing, unprecedented collective effort will, without a doubt, advance our ability to prevent the spread and optimally care for patients suffering from COVID-19. SummaryThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), has reached pandemic status. As it spreads across the world, it has overwhelmed healthcare systems, strangled the global economy and led to a devastating loss of life. Widespread efforts from regulators, clinicians and scientists are driving a rapid expansion of knowledge of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the COVID-19 disease.We review the most current data with a focus on our basic understanding of the mechanism(s) of disease and translation to the clinical syndrome and potential therapeutics. We discuss the basic virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, multi-organ consequences, and outcomes. With a focus on cardiovascular complications, we propose several mechanisms of injury. The virology and potential mechanism of injury form the basis for a discussion of potential disease-modifying therapies.

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Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1

Cited by 8,576 publications

References 4 publications

COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up

COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up

Editorial JTH 16 –The Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 and implications for transport and health

COVID-19 for the Cardiologist

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