Aerosol and radiation characteristics of the atmosphere during forest and peat fires in 1972, 2002, and 2010 in the region of Moscow

Чубарова, Н. Э.; Gorbarenko, E. V.; Nezval, E. I.; Shilovtseva, O. A.

doi:10.1134/s0001433811060028

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Elevated SSA values (0.95-0.96 in the visible spectrum) have been already observed over the same region by Chubarova et al (2011) during the 2002 fire event and could be explained by smoldering conditions (Chubarova et al, 2011. Such SSA are however higher than values measured for smoke aerosols at other locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Direct radiative effect of the Russian wildfires and its impact on air temperature and atmospheric dynamics during August 2010

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In this study, we investigate the shortwave aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) and its feedback on air temperature and atmospheric dynamics during a major fire event that occurred in Russia during August 2010. The methodology is based on an offline coupling between the CHIMERE chemistry-transport and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) models. First, simulations for the period 5-12 August 2010 have been evaluated by using AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) and satellite measurements of the POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance (POLDER) and the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) sensors. During this period, elevated POLDER aerosol optical thickness (AOT) is found over a large part of eastern Europe, with values above 2 (at 550 nm) in the aerosol plume. According to CALIOP observations, particles remain confined to the first five kilometres of the atmospheric layer. Comparisons with satellite measurements show the ability of CHIMERE to reproduce the regional and vertical distribution of aerosols during their transport from the source region. Over Moscow, AERONET measurements indicate an important increase of AOT (340 nm) from 0.7 on 5 August to 2-4 between 6 and 10 August when the aerosol plume was advected over the city. Particles are mainly observed in the fine size mode (radius in the range 0.2-0.4 µm) and are characterized by elevated single-scattering albedo (SSA) (0.95-0.96 between 440 and 1020 nm). Comparisons of simulations with AERONET measurements show that aerosol physical-optical properties (size distribution, AOT, SSA) have been well simulated over Moscow in terms of intensity and/or spectral dependence. Secondly, modelled aerosol optical properties have been used as input in the radiative transfer code of WRF to evaluate their direct radiative impact. Simulations indicate a significant reduction of solar radiation at the ground (up to 80-150 W m −2 in diurnal averages over a large part of eastern Europe due to the presence of the aerosol plume. This ADRF causes an important reduction of the near-surface air temperature between 0.2 and 2.6 • on a regional scale. Moscow has been affected by the aerosol plume, especially between 6 and 10 August. During this period, aerosol causes a significant reduction of surface shortwave radiation (up to 70-84 W m −2 in diurnal averages) with a moderate part (20-30 %) due to solar absorption within the aerosol layer. The resulting feedbacks lead to a cooling of the air up to 1.6 • at the surface and 0.1 • at an altitude of 1500-2000 m (in diurnal averages), that contribute to stabilize the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Indeed, a reduction of the ABL height of 13 to 65 % has been simulated during daytime in presence of aerosols. This decrease is the result of a lower air entrainment as the vertical wind speed in the ABL is shown to be reduced by 5 to 80 % (at midday) when the feedback of the ADRF is taken into account. However, the ADRF is shown to have a lower impact on the horizontal wind speed, su...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Direct radiative effect of the Russian wildfires and its impact on air temperature and atmospheric dynamics during August 2010

et al. 2014

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“…Biomass burning at Moscow during the period considered (summers of 2002 and 2010) was influenced more strongly by peat burning than the other boreal sites, although forest burning contributed in some cases (Gorchakov et al, 2004;Chubarova et al, 2011); 90 % of the inversions obtained at Moscow were from intense (predominantly peat) burning during summer 2002. A complication for Moscow is that it is a large city and thus there will be an additional contribution from local aerosol sources, which may also lead to scatter in the parametrisations.…”

Section: Discussion Of Aerosol Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Moscow State University (MSU) in western Russia (hereafter Moscow for brevity), only data from 2002 and 2010 were considered, to minimise the potential for urbandominated aerosol cases, as these 2 years had extensive summertime burning (Chubarova et al, 2011). The restriction to τ 440 ≥ 0.4 (corresponding, for typical α ∼ 1.5-1.9, to τ 550 ≥ 0.26-0.29) introduces a sampling bias in that it favours cases of more intense smoke, which may conceivably exhibit different microphysical/optical properties from less intense smoke.…”

Section: Data Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

AERONET-based models of smoke-dominated aerosol near source regions and transported over oceans, and implications for satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Smoke aerosols from biomass burning are an important component of the global aerosol system. Analysis of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) retrievals of aerosol microphysical/optical parameters at 10 sites reveals variety between biomass burning aerosols in different global source regions, in terms of aerosol particle size and single scatter albedo (SSA). Case studies of smoke observed at coastal/island AERONET sites also mostly lie within the range of variability at the near-source sites. Differences between sites tend to be larger than variability at an individual site, although optical properties for some sites in different regions can be quite similar. Across the sites, typical midvisible SSA ranges from ∼ 0.95-0.97 (sites dominated by boreal forest or peat burning, typically with larger fine-mode particle radius and spread) to ∼ 0.88-0.9 (sites most influenced by grass, shrub, or crop burning, typically smaller finemode particle radius and spread). The tropical forest site Alta Floresta (Brazil) is closer to this second category, although with intermediate SSA ∼ 0.92. The strongest absorption is seen in southern African savannah at Mongu (Zambia), with average midvisible SSA ∼ 0.85. Sites with stronger absorption also tend to have stronger spectral gradients in SSA, becoming more absorbing at longer wavelengths. Microphysical/optical models are presented in detail so as to facilitate their use in radiative transfer calculations, including extension to UV (ultraviolet) wavelengths, and lidar ratios. One intended application is to serve as candidate optical models for use in satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval algorithms. The models presently adopted by these algorithms over ocean often have insufficient absorption (i.e. too high SSA) to represent these biomass burning aerosols. The underestimates in satellite-retrieved AOD in smoke outflow regions, which have important consequences for applications of these satellite data sets, are consistent with the level of underestimated absorption.

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“…= In a review on radiation monitoring of all three smoky summers Chubarova et al (2011aChubarova et al ( , 2011b) recommended implementation of correction by Eq. (3) from AOD500* 0.5 = onward, which means an absence of corrected AOD500 even in a larger range, 0.5-0.609.…”

Section: Model M2amentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral aerosol optical depth prediction by some broadband models. Validation with AERONET observations

Kannel¹,

Ohvril²,

Okulov³

et al. 2014

Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci.

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A comprehensive investigation on the performance of aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500) predictions using broadband physical and statistical models is detailed here. Seven simple models and one more complicated model were selected. A special database with more than 26 000 broadband (direct solar beam) and spectral (AODλ) instantaneous observations at clear solar disc during 10 years (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) at Tõravere (Estonia) was compiled for the intercomparison. The database allows analysing the variability and climatological behaviour of several column parameters: coefficient of broadband transparency, precipitable water, AOD500, and the Ångström wavelength exponent (α). A statistical AOD500 model is finally recommended. It uses only two input parameters: coefficient of column broadband transparency and precipitable water. Two models from the set enabled variation of Ångström α. However, consideration of a priori known instantaneous α values did not improve predictions.

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Aerosol and radiation characteristics of the atmosphere during forest and peat fires in 1972, 2002, and 2010 in the region of Moscow

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

Direct radiative effect of the Russian wildfires and its impact on air temperature and atmospheric dynamics during August 2010

Direct radiative effect of the Russian wildfires and its impact on air temperature and atmospheric dynamics during August 2010

AERONET-based models of smoke-dominated aerosol near source regions and transported over oceans, and implications for satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth

Spectral aerosol optical depth prediction by some broadband models. Validation with AERONET observations

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