Aerosol, a health hazard during ultrasonic scaling: A clinico-microbiological study

Singh, Akanksha; Manjunath, RG Shiva; Singla, Deepak; Bhattacharya, Hirak S; Sarkar, Anish; Chandra, Neeraj

doi:10.4103/0970-9290.183131

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, if saliva were the source of microbiota in dental aerosols, one would expect a certain level of microbial heterogeneity between the studies. However, the bacteria most frequently identified in all studies were Staphylococcus aureus, beta hemolytic Streptococci, Escherichia coli, spore-forming bacteria, fungi belonging to the genera Cladosporium and Penicillium, and Micrococccus 66,[79][80][81] ; all of which are environmental species. In parallel, a study of dental unit water reservoirs revealed the presence of 82 Another study documented the presence of high levels (10 5 CFUs) of Legionella, Pseudomonas and non-tuerculous mycobacteria in water lines.…”

Section: Is Saliva the Primary Source Of Pathogens In Dental Aerosols?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The quantity of sprays, spatter, or aerosol generated by ultrasonics, the distance travelled by the aerosolized particles and their composition have been studied using air samplers, [58][59][60] bacterial growth medium placed at strategic locations, [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] filter paper strips (with and without dye) on the patient and operator, 68,69 and heme-detectors. 70 Sprays are generated during all types of procedures using ultrasonic instruments, whether it be supragingival scaling, subgingival scaling of periodontally diseased teeth or endodontic instrumentation.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58,64,71,72 These sprays expose the inhabitants of the operatory to 1.86 × 10 5 particles per cubic meter of space, and the contaminants settle to a great extent on the dominant arm of the operator, and eyewear and chest of the patient and to a lesser extent on the non-dominant arm and chest of the operator and assistant. 66,68,69,73 They can also be detected as far away as 2 to 11 m from the treatment site. 59,66 However, in the absence of a coolant, the aerosol is limited to an 18 inch radius.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…66,68,69,73 They can also be detected as far away as 2 to 11 m from the treatment site. 59,66 However, in the absence of a coolant, the aerosol is limited to an 18 inch radius. 72 The levels of aerosolized particles return to preoperative levels within 30 minutes 68 to 2 hours.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demystifying the mist: Sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols

Kumar

Subramanian

2020

Journal of Periodontology

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The risk of transmitting airborne pathogens is an important consideration in dentistry and has acquired special significance in the context of recent respiratory disease epidemics. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to examine (1) what is currently known regarding the physics of aerosol creation, (2) the types of environmental contaminants generated by dental procedures, (3) the nature, quantity, and sources of microbiota in these contaminants and (4) the risk of disease transmission from patients to dental healthcare workers. Most dental procedures that use ultrasonics, handpieces, air‐water syringes, and lasers generate sprays, a fraction of which are aerosolized. The vast heterogeneity in the types of airborne samples collected (spatter, settled aerosol, or harvested air), the presence and type of at‐source aerosol reduction methods (high‐volume evacuators, low volume suction, or none), the methods of microbial sampling (petri dishes with solid media, filter paper discs, air harvesters, and liquid transport media) and assessment of microbial bioload (growth conditions, time of growth, specificity of microbial characterization) are barriers to drawing robust conclusions. For example, although several studies have reported the presence of microorganisms in aerosols generated by ultrasonic scalers and high‐speed turbines, the specific types of organisms or their source is not as well studied. This paucity of data does not allow for definitive conclusions to be drawn regarding saliva as a major source of airborne microorganisms during aerosol generating dental procedures. Well‐controlled, large‐scale, multi center studies using atraumatic air harvesters, open‐ended methods for microbial characterization and integrated data modeling are urgently needed to characterize the microbial constituents of aerosols created during dental procedures and to estimate time and extent of spread of these infectious agents.

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Section: Is Saliva the Primary Source Of Pathogens In Dental Aerosols?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ultrasonic Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrasonic Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrasonic Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demystifying the mist: Sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols

Kumar

Subramanian

2020

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Corona virus in aerosols can stay viable for 3 hours and travel up to several meters, found in a study [7]. To reduce the risk of infection from aerosol microbiota, it is recommended to do preprocedural rinses, routine sterilization and disinfection, flushing of water supply every 30 patients etc [8].…”

Section: Dental Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preprocedural oral rinses with active ingredients like chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and cetylpyridinium chloride in neutralizing SARS-COV-2 concentration in aerosol

Singh¹,

Vivekanand²,

Roy³

2021

GSC Adv. Res. Rev.

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The havoc of COVID 19 pandemic, has created a situation of panic among the health care professionals and general population worldwide. The Virus being a droplet infection has increased the vulnerability of infection among the dental professionals, affecting the clinical practice. The patient being reluctant to visit the dentist due to fear of cross contamination in the dental office has reduced the patient in flow to a certain extent. Various measures have been suggested by the health authorities to avoid the transmission of the virus in the dental office. One such measure is the use of a preprocedural rinse. This acts as the need of the hour to reduce the virus transmission from the patients and prevent cross contamination in dental clinics. Various formulation of mouthwashes are used for preprocedural rinsing. The most common being chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, cetypyridinium chloride and hydrogen peroxide. The antimicrobial property of these have also been found to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. These ingredients in mouth washes are found to temporarily neutralize the virus load for certain amount of time in saliva and other oral fluids. Thus preprocedural rinse can reduce the risk of transmission of virus and can be used as an adjunct with air filters and PPE kits for prevention and protection from infection.

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Methods to mitigate infection spread from aerosol‐generating dental procedures

Kumar

Geisinger

Ávila‐Ortiz

2021

Journal of Periodontology

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Infection control measures play a critical role in preventing the spread of disease in healthcare settings. Concerns that SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019, may be transmitted through droplets and aerosols from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals has turned the spotlight on healthcare interventions that involve aerosol generation in the oral cavity, such as many dental and periodontal procedures. This commentary seeks to familiarize the dental practitioner with various infection control methods that may be implemented to mitigate spread of infection in dental settings through aerosol‐generating dental procedures

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Aerosol, a health hazard during ultrasonic scaling: A clinico-microbiological study

Abstract: The aerosols and splatters produced during dental procedures have the potential to spread infection to dental personnel. Therefore, proper precautions should be taken to minimize the risk of infection to the operator.

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Demystifying the mist: Sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols

Demystifying the mist: Sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols

Effect of preprocedural oral rinses with active ingredients like chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and cetylpyridinium chloride in neutralizing SARS-COV-2 concentration in aerosol

Methods to mitigate infection spread from aerosol‐generating dental procedures

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