Aerodynamic characteristics and respiratory deposition of fungal fragments

Cho, Seung-Hyun; Seo, SungChul; Schmechel, Detlef; Grinshpun, Sergey A.; Reponen, Tiina

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.042

Cited by 98 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These ratios are based on particle mass as (1→3)-β-D-glucan is analyzed as pg m −3 . For number concentration, we have previously shown that the number concentration of fungal fragments was as much as 500 fold higher than that of spores (Cho et al, 2005). In field situations, the number concentration of fragments can be estimated based on the mass of (1→3)-β-D-glucan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smaller-sized fungal fragments have longer lifetimes in the air compared to spores; they can be easily transported by air currents and more efficiently deposited in the alveolar region than intact spores. Based on laboratory studies on the number concentration and size distribution of fungal particles, it has been estimated that the respiratory deposition of Stachybotrys chartarum fragments in adults is 230 times higher than that of spores (Cho et al, 2005). When the respiratory deposition model was applied to infants, it was demonstrated that the deposition ratios (fragments versus spores) were 4-5 times higher than those for adults (Cho et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on laboratory studies on the number concentration and size distribution of fungal particles, it has been estimated that the respiratory deposition of Stachybotrys chartarum fragments in adults is 230 times higher than that of spores (Cho et al, 2005). When the respiratory deposition model was applied to infants, it was demonstrated that the deposition ratios (fragments versus spores) were 4-5 times higher than those for adults (Cho et al, 2005). High particle surface area may further facilitate the bioavailability of fungal components after the particles are inhaled into the human lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is limited typically to particles >1 μm (Green et al, 2006). Recent laboratory-based studies (Górny et al, 2002 andCho et al, 2005) have reported that large quantities of submicrometer-sized fungal and actinomycete fragments (ranging from 30 nm to 1 μm) are released together with intact spores from contaminated surfaces. These studies demonstrated that the number of released fragments was always higher, up to 500 times, than the number of intact spores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cascade impactors would be an alternative that potentially offers a sharp separation of fragments from spores. Our previous study, however, showed that collection of purified fragments by impactors is challenging because of the spore bounce from upper stages to lower stages (Cho et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio

Reponen

Seo

Grimsley

et al. 2007

Atmospheric Environment

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Smaller-sized fungal fragments (<1 μm) may contribute to mold-related health effects. Previous laboratory-based studies have shown that the number concentration of fungal fragments can be up to 500 times higher than that of fungal spores, but this has not yet been confirmed in a field study due to lack of suitable methodology. We have recently developed a field-compatible method for the sampling and analysis of airborne fungal fragments. The new methodology was utilized for characterizing fungal fragment exposures in mold-contaminated homes selected in New Orleans, Louisiana and Southern Ohio. Airborne fungal particles were separated into three distinct size fractions: (i) >2.25 μm (spores); (ii) 1.05-2.25 μm (mixture); and (iii) < 1.0 μm (submicrometersized fragments). Samples were collected in five homes in summer and winter and analyzed for (1→3)-β-D-glucan. The total (1→3)-β-D-glucan varied from 0.2 to 16.0 ng m −3 . The ratio of (1→3)-β-D-glucan mass in fragment size fraction to that in spore size fraction (F/S) varied from 0.011 to 2.163. The mass ratio was higher in winter (average = 1.017) than in summer (0.227) coinciding with a lower relative humidity in the winter. Assuming a mass-based F/S-ratio=1 and the spore size = 3 μm, the corresponding number-based F/S-ratio (fragment number/spore number) would be 10 3 and 10 6 , for the fragment sizes of 0.3 and 0.03 μm, respectively. These results indicate that the actual (field) contribution of fungal fragments to the overall exposure may be very high, even much greater than that estimated in our earlier laboratory-based studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio

Reponen

Seo

Grimsley

et al. 2007

Atmospheric Environment

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Occupational Microbiological Biohazards – Exposure, Detection, and Disease

Reponen

2021

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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In this book chapter, sources and characteristics of airborne microbiological contaminants including, bacteria, viruses, and fungi, are discussed in relation to their detection and health effects associated with personal exposure in the occupational environment. The impacts of microorganisms including protists and protozoans and other botanically sourced bioaerosols such as pollen are not reviewed in this book chapter. The potential exposures to microbial bioaerosols and the aerodynamic behavior of these contaminants are reviewed as well as their respiratory and dermal health effects. Direct and indirect sampling methods are presented along with methods of analysis. Methods to prevent personal exposure are also provided.

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Microbial Bioaerosols in the Occupational Environment: Exposure, Detection, and Disease

Reponen¹,

Green²

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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In this chapter, sources and characteristics of airborne microbiological contaminants, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, are discussed in relation to their detection and health effects associated with personal exposure in the occupational environment. The impacts of microorganisms including protists and protozoans and other botanically sourced bioaerosols such as pollen are not reviewed in this chapter. The potential exposures to microbial bioaerosols and the aerodynamic behavior of these contaminants are reviewed as well as their respiratory and dermal health effects. Direct and indirect sampling methods are presented along with methods of analysis. Methods to prevent personal exposure are also provided.

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Aerodynamic characteristics and respiratory deposition of fungal fragments

Cited by 98 publications

References 42 publications

Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio

Fungal fragments in moldy houses: A field study in homes in New Orleans and Southern Ohio

Occupational Microbiological Biohazards – Exposure, Detection, and Disease

Microbial Bioaerosols in the Occupational Environment: Exposure, Detection, and Disease

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