Aerodynamic Breakup and Secondary Drop Formation for a Liquid Metal Column in a Shock-Induced Cross-Flow

Chen, Yi; DeMauro, Edward P.; Wagner, Justin L.; Arienti, Marco; Guildenbecher, Daniel Robert; Farias, Paul Abraham; Grasser, Thomas W.; Sanderson, Patrick; Albert, Samuel W.; Turpin, Aaron M.; Sealy, William; Ketchum, Remington S.

doi:10.2514/6.2017-1892

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Liu and Reitz 1997; Theofanous and Li 2008). There exist several in-between multimode morphologies (Dai and Faeth 2001;Chen et al 2017), and the two covered in the current work are bag-and-stamen breakup (Pilch and Erdman 1987;Hsiang and Faeth 1992) and multibag breakup (Theofanous, Li, and Dinh 2004;Jain et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental investigation of shock-induced tandem droplet breakup

et al. 2021

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For deeper insights into the dynamics of dense sprays, the present experimental work investigates the shock-induced breakup of two identically sized water droplets in tandem formation. The breakup process is visualized in a shadowgraph system and captured by an ultra-high-speed camera. The experimental Weber number ranges from 13 to 180, and the separation distance between the droplets is varied between 1.2 and 10.5 times of the droplet diameter. While the tandem formation exerts marginal influence on the lead droplet, the breakup intensity of the trailing droplet is consistently attenuated as the separation distance falls below critical levels. The time of initial deformation is postponed, the maximum cross-stream diameter is reduced, and the mean drag coefficient is lowered. These effects are more profound at lower Weber numbers and closer separation distances. The attenuation of the breakup intensity is also reflected by the formation of smaller bags in bag and bag-and-stamen morphologies and by the narrower cross-stream dispersion of fragments in multibag and shear stripping morphologies. When positioned in close proximity to the lead droplet, the trailing droplet fails to follow the conventional breakup morphologies. Instead, it either punctures or coalesces with the lead droplet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental investigation of shock-induced tandem droplet breakup

et al. 2021

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“…Figure 19 shows the p.d.f.s of the droplet Weber number, for all cases across different M and ρ g /ρ 0 conditions. Notably, despite the wide range of Re p exhibited, the We p values are small and often less than 3, corresponding to stable droplet sizes in which no secondary breakup occurs (Michaelides et al 2016;Chen et al 2017). Comparing the statistics between the droplet Reynolds and Weber numbers, it is now apparent that the latter is a more We p important parameter with regard to secondary breakup, as shown e.g.…”

Section: Role Of Dimensionless Numbers In the Droplet Size Increase W...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The waves grow in amplitude, and ultimately the ligaments break into droplets, with the size of the droplets determined by the most unstable Rayleigh-Taylor wavelength λ RT . The droplets formed are still subject to large gas dynamic pressures, and may undergo secondary breakup into smaller droplets if the droplet Weber number is sufficiently large (Apte et al 2003;Chen et al 2017;Liu et al 2021). Overall, the liquid breakup can be thought of as being driven by the transfer of momentum from the fast-flowing gas phase to the slower liquid phase, and can be characterized by a momentum ratio M = ρ g U 2 g /ρ l U 2 l , with subscripts g and l representing the gas and liquid phases, respectively (Lasheras & Hopfinger 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-fluid coaxial atomization in a high-pressure environment

et al. 2022

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We study the dynamics of atomization of a liquid column by a coaxial gas flow with varying gas pressures. Specifically, we analyse how the gas density increase associated with elevated gas pressures in the ambient and co-flowing gas jet influences the liquid destabilization and breakup process, as well as the resulting droplet formation and dispersion. We present new experimental results for a coaxial liquid–gas atomizer operating in a high-pressure environment, with gas–liquid momentum ratio in the range $M = 5\unicode{x2013}56$ and pressurized gas densities $\rho _g/\rho _0 = 1\unicode{x2013}5$ , where $\rho _0$ is the ambient gas density at standard conditions. High-speed shadowgraphy images are used to quantify the spatially and temporally varying liquid–gas interface in the spray near-field. Liquid core lengths, spreading angles and other spray metrics are presented, and the influence of gas density is identified from the comparison with atomization at atmospheric conditions. In the spray mid-field, phase Doppler interferometry is used in conjunction with laser Doppler velocimetry to quantify the droplet size and velocities, as well as their radial variations across the spray. Results show an increase in droplet size at elevated ambient pressures, when keeping the gas–liquid momentum ratio constant. Finally, we show that these observations are in line with predictions from the Kelvin–Helmholtz and Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, both of which are relevant to the gas–liquid atomization process.

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“…If the effect of the inertia force versus the surface tension becomes large (We ↑), then the LM droplet cannot maintain its shape and hence exhibits various unexpected motions (e.g., oscillation-deformation, break up, etc.) [18]. These phenomena complicate the design of the accelerometer (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Lm Droplet Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of liquid-type proof mass under oscillating conditions

Won

Lee

Kim

2020

Micro and Nano Syst Lett

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In this study, the spring constant of an accelerometer with a liquid-type proof mass was analyzed. Unlike a general solid-type microelectromechanical system accelerometer, the Laplace pressure is considered a restoring force in the analyzed accelerometer. Using a base excitation mathematical model, the sensor output could be estimated for a specific spring constant. Although the estimated sensor output data fit well with the experimental results, the spring constant of the device could also be determined dynamically (for oscillations below 5 Hz). Moreover, the damping constants could be inferred depending on whether sandblasting treatment was performed. Finally, the effects of the oscillation, surface condition, and volume of liquid metal droplets on the spring constant were analyzed.

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Aerodynamic Breakup and Secondary Drop Formation for a Liquid Metal Column in a Shock-Induced Cross-Flow

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Experimental investigation of shock-induced tandem droplet breakup

Experimental investigation of shock-induced tandem droplet breakup

Two-fluid coaxial atomization in a high-pressure environment

Analysis of liquid-type proof mass under oscillating conditions

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