Aerodynamic behavior of liquid sprays

Rothe, P.H.; Block, J. A.

doi:10.1016/0301-9322(77)90006-4

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The IF or transition region that lies between these two regions contains a few droplets as it approaches to the FF region. Note that the entrainment between the resultant jet and the ambient air at the outer contour (called "eddy effect") can occur [21][22][23][24]; however, this secondary entrainment is not discussed here because the droplet spray behavior at the center is of main interest during machining.…”

Section: Acf Spray Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a high-velocity fluid is dispensed into a still atmospheric air or to a low-velocity parallel moving fluid, entrainment of the outer fluid into the inner fluid takes place [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. As the highvelocity fluid jet flows at a dynamic pressure, its static pressure reduces according to the Bernoulli's principle [26].…”

Section: Modeling the Acf Droplet Spray Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Droplet Spray Behavior of an Atomization-Based Cutting Fluid Spray System for Machining Titanium Alloys

Nath

Kapoor

Srivastava

et al. 2014

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

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The atomization-based cutting fluid (ACE) spray system has been found to be effective for improving the tool life and overall productivity during the machining of titanium alloys like TÍ-6AI-4 V. The aim of this research is to study droplet spray characteristics of an ACE spray system including droplet entrainment zone (e.g., angle and distance) and droplet-gas co-flow development regions with respect to three ACF spray parameters, viz., droplet and gas velocities, and spray distance. ACF spray experiments are performed by varying droplet and gas velocities. Machining experiments are performed in order to understand the effect of the droplet spray behavior on the machining performance, viz., tool life/wear, and surface roughness during turning of a titanium alloy, TÍ-6AI-4 V. The flow development behavior with respect to the spray distance is studied by modeling the droplets entrainment mechanism. The model is validated by the ACF spray experiments. Experiments and the modeling of flow development behavior reveal that a higher droplet velocity and a smaller gas velocity result in smaller droplet entrainment angle leading to a gradual and early development of the co-flow, and a better distribution of the droplets across the jet flare. Machining experiments also show that a higher droplet velocity, a lower gas velocity and a longer spray distance significantly improve tool life and surface finish.

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Section: Acf Spray Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling the Acf Droplet Spray Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Droplet Spray Behavior of an Atomization-Based Cutting Fluid Spray System for Machining Titanium Alloys

Nath

Kapoor

Srivastava

et al. 2014

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

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“…Diffusion coefficients of the acetates in aqueous solutions are given by Frey and King ( 1 982). The times of flight for various drop sizes can be calculated using the aerodynamic model of Rothe and Block (1977), as modified by Etzel (1983). Numerical results of the aerodynamic model were compared to experimental data by Keickbusch (1978).…”

Section: Volatiles Loss and Water Evaporation With Added Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surfactants on mass transfer during spray drying

Frey

King

1986

AIChE Journal

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A study was conducted to investigate the effects of added surfactants on mass transfer during spray drying. Measurements were made of retention of volatile components and amount of water evaporation at various points near the atomizer inside a spray dryer of pilot plant scale. Experimental data indicate that surfactants can have a substantial effect on transport processes when certain types of liquid solutions are spray dried. Experimental results are interpreted in terms of transport mechanisms and are compared with relevant previous studies on nonspray systems. D. D. Frey C. J. King Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley, CA 94720 SCOPESpray drying is widely used for dehydration of liquid foods such as coffee and tea extracts, milk concentrates, and purees. Because of the economic importance of these products, and because of numerous other industrial applications of spray drying, there is growing interest in a better understanding of the mechanisms of mass transfer during spray drying. This knowledge should aid optimization of these processes for minimum cost, for better retention of volatile aroma components, and/or for improving other product quality factors.In spite of the large number of fundamental mass transfer studies to be described below, most previous work dealing with added surfactants has been on idealized systems and does not take into account the following complexities which are characteristic of industrial spray drying: Haven. CT 06520.3. Turbulence and oscillations in drops caused by 4. Effects of drying on the internal motions of drops 5. Formation of a surface crust or a selective-diffusion barrier Notwithstanding the relatively small amount of past work in this area, it is important to understand the effects of surfactants upon spray drying. Many or all liquid foods contain natural surfactants. In situations such as foam-spray drying, it may be necessary to add surfactants to the liquid feed to obtain the desired processing effect. Finally, addition of surfactants may be a convenient means to affect and control mass-transfer rates during spray drying or in other types of spray contacting.For these reasons, an experimental and theoretical investigation was undertaken of the spray drying of surfactant-containing aqueous sucrose and coffee solutions, with acetates as model aroma components. The principal aims of this investigation were to determine the effects of various surfactants on the retentions of highly volatile aromalike components and on the rate of water evaporation in regions close to the nozzle. An aerodynamic model of spray behavior was used to interpret the experimental results. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCEThis study indicates that surfactants can have a large effect on volatiles retention during spray drying. The primary effect of a surfactant appears to be on droplet hydrodynamics and particularly on oscillations, turbulence, and internal circulation in drops. In solutions of high solids content where volatiles losses from drops are small, surfactant...

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“…As the gas entrains the spray, gas molecules drag the droplets on the spray periphery inwards, causing the spray to contract. As per Rothe and Block [29], the contraction magnitude depends on how effectively the spray drops entrain the gas, and on how strongly the inflowing gas pushes the drops from their original trajectories. These effects, in turn, depend on parameters such as original spray kinetic energy (set in part by nozzle pressure), total flow rate, drop size, and ambient gas density.…”

Section: Spray Cone Anglementioning

confidence: 97%