Aerodynamic and Mobility Size Distribution Measurements to Reveal Biodiesel Effects on Diesel Exhaust Aerosol

Tzamkiozis, Theodoros; Ntziachristos, Leónidas; Mamakos, Athanasios; Fontaras, Georgios; Samaras, Zissis

doi:10.1080/02786826.2010.550961

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In addition, a slight decrease in the particle concentrations and mean particle diameter can be observed with biodiesel fueling, which is consistent with other studies. 20,32,45 These results are consistent with the trends of the number of primary particles presented in Figure 4. For 60% load before the thermodenuder, the nucleation mode peaks dominate the particle size distribution.…”

Section: Morphology Analysissupporting

confidence: 87%

Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine

Sun

Lapuerta

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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An investigation of the impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on exhaust particulate agglomerate morphology and primary particle (soot) nanostructure was conducted with a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine. The engine was operated at steady state on a dynamometer running at moderate speed with both low (30%) and medium-high (60%) fixed loads, and exhaust particulate was sampled for analysis. The fuels used were ultra-low sulfur diesel and its 20% v/v blends with soybean methyl ester biodiesel. Fuel injection occurred in a single event around top dead center at three different injection pressures. Exhaust particulate samples were characterized with transmission electronic microscopy imaging, scanning mobility particle sizing, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Xray diffraction analysis. Particulate morphology and oxidative reactivity were found to vary significantly with both rail pressure and biodiesel blend level. Higher biodiesel content led to an increase in the primary particle size and oxidative reactivity but had no impact on nanoscale disorder in the as-received samples. For particulates generated with higher injection pressures, the initial oxidative reactivity increased, but there was no detectable correlation with primary particle size or nanoscale disorder.

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Section: Morphology Analysissupporting

confidence: 87%

Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine

Sun

Lapuerta

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…[18,19] Furthermore, the higher oxygen content in biodiesel may lead to more reactive semi-volatile species and PM with greater oxidative potential. [20–22] For instance, some studies have reported that biodiesel PM is more reactive and affects lung cells to a greater degree than petroleum-based fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fuel components and combustion particle physicochemical properties on toxicological responses of lung cells

Jaramillo

Sturrock

Ghiassi

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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The physicochemical properties of combustion particles that promote lung toxicity are not fully understood, hindered by the fact that combustion particles vary based on the fuel and combustion conditions. Real-world combustion-particle properties also continually change as new fuels are implemented, engines age, and engine technologies evolve. This work used laboratory-generated particles produced under controlled combustion conditions in an effort to understand the relationship between different particle properties and the activation of established toxicological outcomes in human lung cells (H441 and THP-1). Particles were generated from controlled combustion of two simple biofuel/diesel surrogates (methyl decanoate and dodecane/BD, and butanol and dodecane/AD) and compared to a widely studied reference diesel particle (NIST SRM2975/RD). BD, AD, and RD particles exhibited differences in size, surface area, extractable chemical mass, and the content of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Some of these differences were directly associated with different effects on biological responses. BD particles had the greatest surface area, amount of extractable material and oxidizing potential. These particles and extracts induced cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 enzyme mRNA in lung cells. AD particles and extracts had the greatest total PAH content and also caused CYP1A1 and 1B1 mRNA induction. The RD extract contained the highest relative concentration of 2-ring PAHs and stimulated the greatest level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) cytokine secretion. Finally, AD and RD were more potent activators of TRPA1 than BD, and while neither the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 nor the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) affected CYP1A1 or 1B1 mRNA induction, both inhibitors reduced IL-8 secretion and mRNA induction. These results highlight that differences in fuel and combustion conditions affect the physicochemical properties of particles, and these differences, in turn, affect commonly studied biological/toxicological responses.

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“…12 Health problems include increased risk of reduced lung function, adverse respiratory symptoms, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, morbidity, and mortality. 3,[10][11][12][13][14][15] Diesel engine exhaust particles are very complex geometrically, being mainly composed by black carbon/ soot. They are principally formed during combustion in the fuel rich regime of a combustion chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on Morphology and Fractal Dimension of Diesel and Diesel‑Biodiesel Soot Agglomerates

Guarieiro¹,

Eiguren-Fernandez²,

Rocha³

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this study, it is reported the fractal dimension and morphology of ultrafine particles emitted by a diesel engine run with B4, B50, and B100. Transmission electron micrographs evidenced two main groups of particles with characteristic and distinct morphological behaviors: (i) particle agglomerate structures self-organized within a fractal-like geometry, and (ii) amorphous and irregular particles with diffuse edges in a liquid-like particle appearance, mainly associated with some sub-fractions of samples collected from B50 and B100 combustion. Particles from (i) showed typical diesel soot morphology and fractal dimension. Primary particle diameter (D pp) was 24 ± 4 nm, 23 ± 4 nm, and 20 ± 4 nm for B4, B50, and B100, respectively. Mean aggregate gyration diameters (D g) ranged from 242 ± 140 nm for B4, 210 ± 135 nm for B50, and to 232 ± 140 nm for B100. In turn, fractal dimensions (D f) were 1.94, 1.89, and 1.99 for B4, B50, and B100, respectively. On the other hand, particle from (ii) had their morphology impaired from the addition of biodiesel to petrodiesel in a way it did not follow a fractal geometry.

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Aerodynamic and Mobility Size Distribution Measurements to Reveal Biodiesel Effects on Diesel Exhaust Aerosol

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine

Impact of rail pressure and biodiesel fueling on the particulate morphology and soot nanostructures from a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine

Effects of fuel components and combustion particle physicochemical properties on toxicological responses of lung cells

An Investigation on Morphology and Fractal Dimension of Diesel and Diesel‑Biodiesel Soot Agglomerates

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