Aerodynamic analysis of human walking, running and sprinting by numerical simulations

Abstract

Purpose The drag in walking, running, and sprinting locomotion can be assessed by analytical procedures and experimental techniques. However, assessing the drag variations by these three main locomotion’s (i.e., walking, running, and sprinting) were not found using computational fluid dynamics. (CFD). Thus, the aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to assess the aerodynamics of human walking, running, and sprinting by CFD technique; 2) compare such aerodynamic characteristics between walking and running. Methods Three 3D models were produced depicting the walking, running, and sprinting locomotion techniques, converted to computer aided design models and meshed. The drag varied with locomotion type. Results Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity. Conclusions In conclusion, drag varied with locomotion type. Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity.

Still air resistance during walking and running

“…According to our results, A eff is on the average greater during walking than running. A similar conclusion was reached by a previous experimental study [ 8 ], and by a recent CFD study [ 20 ]. It is tempting to explain this result based on greater frontal area during walking than during running [ 7 , 8 ], but likely this is only a partial explanation, as Hill noted that a difference in frontal area could not completely explain the different drags produced by the wind on his puppet in standing and running postures [ 7 ].…”