Aerobic training induces differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissues

Abstract

Aerobic training induces adaptive responses in skeletal muscles and white adipose tissues, thus facilitating lipid utilization as energy substrates during a physical exercise session. However, the effects of training on cytokines levels and on transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and different white adipose depots are still unclear; therefore, these were the aims of the present study. Nineteen adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a trained group or a control, non‐trained group. The 10‐week training protocol consisted of running on a treadmill, during 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, at 75% of maximum aerobic speed. As expected, trained rats improved their aerobic performance and had augmented citrate synthase activity in the soleus, while the control rats did not. Although body weight was not different between groups, the adiposity index and white adipose depots (ie, epididymal and retroperitoneal) were reduced in trained rats. Training reduced serum concentration of insulin, but failed to change serum concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acids. Training increased sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c expression in the gastrocnemius and epididymal adipose tissue, and reduced peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression in most of the tissues analyzed. The expression of PPARα and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 increased in the gastrocnemius and mesenteric adipose tissue but reduced in epididymal adipose tissue. Triacylglycerol content and tribbles 3 expression reduced in the gastrocnemius of trained rats. Tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 were increased in all adipose depots evaluated. Collectively, our data indicate that the 10‐week aerobic training changed gene expression to improve muscle oxidative metabolism and facilitate lipid degradation in adipose tissues. Our data also highlight the existence of adaptive responses that are distinct between the skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue and between different adipose depots.

Effects of physical exercise on muscle metabolism and meat quality characteristics of Mongolian sheep

“…This is consistent with the study of de Souza Cordeiro et al. ( 2019 ), who observed significant weight loss in rats after training, but they also observed a decreased expression of PPARα and CPT1 , which may induce an adaptive response to reduce the activation of oxidative pathways and thus avoid excessive fat weight loss in nonobese rats. Seideman et al.…”

Aerobic training with moderate or high doses of vitamin D improve liver enzymes, LXRα and PGC-1α levels in rats with T2DM

“…In line with our results, similar decreases in body weight, visceral fat, BMI, and FI were confirmed in rats with metabolic syndrome following eight-week AT with Vit D 23 and in human subjects following exercise 25 . AT has been shown to increase the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism and fat oxidation, while also reducing the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis 26 , 27 . Vitamin D has been found to regulate calcium homeostasis, which is crucial for proper energy metabolism and adipogenesis 21 .…”

The Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function of Rat White Adipose Tissue

“…This physiological adaptation is related to the induction of low levels of ROS in each single bout of exercise [38]. In WAT, there are several pieces of evidence showing that chronic exposure to aerobic exercise is linked to lipid storage reduction, fatty acid mobilization [42], improved mitochondrial function [43], decreased expression of inflammatory adipokines [20], and consequently modified WAT metabolism [44], and phenotype [45]. Chronic exercise seems to elicit redox adaptations in WAT, such as decreased ROS production and increased antioxidant defense [46].…”