Aerobic training in the 'oldest old': the effect of 24 weeks of training

Malbut, KE; Dinan, Susie; Young, Archie

doi:10.1093/ageing/31.4.255

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Other studies have reported gender diVerences in response to training (Malbut et al 2002;Aniansson et al 1983;Roth et al 2001). Roth (2001) has shown signiWcant muscle cross-sectional area increases in females over 70 but not in men after a 6-month training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Long-term strength training for community-dwelling people over 75: impact on muscle function, functional ability and life style

et al. 2006

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The objective was to determine the impact of a 1-year mixed strength-training programme on muscle function, functional ability, physical activity and life style. Twice-a-week hospital-based exercise classes and a once-a-week home session were conducted. Nineteen healthy community-dwelling training (T) men (76.6 +/- 3.1 years), 19 women (77.5 +/- 4.0 years) and 20 matched controls (C) participated in this study. Training was given with a two multi-gym machines for the lower limbs (Sitting calf and Leg press, TECHNOGYM, Italy) at 60% of the repetition maximum (1 RM) and at home it was with elastic bands. The following were the measurements made: muscle function-maximum isometric strength of the knee extensors (KE) and ankle plantar flexors (PF) measured with a Cybex Norm dynamometer, leg extensor power (LEP) with the Nottingham Power Rig; functional abilities-functional reach, chair rise, bed rise, 6-min walking test, stair climbing, get up and go, one-leg standing; physical activity-aerobic activities over 3 MET intensity (AA3), intensity classes; life-style-mean daily energy expenditure (MDEE). Significant gains in muscle function and functional abilities in both training females and males were observed, but females improved significantly more than males. Males (T + C) showed higher AA3 times than females (T + C) (P = 0.02), with females significantly more involved in light-intensity activities. We observed a 60% increase (t = 2.45) in AA3 time in T, but no increase in C. Trained males increased Class 2 physical activity time by 146% (t = 2.82) and trained females by 16% (t = 2.23). MDEE increased by 10% (t=2.62) in trained males. Our long-term mixed programme can improve muscle function and functional abilities in elderly females and functional abilities in males. It can positively affect the amount of habitual physical activity and the life-style of males and females over 75.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Long-term strength training for community-dwelling people over 75: impact on muscle function, functional ability and life style

et al. 2006

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“…We have also previously shown that treadmill exercise training in late-middle-aged F344BN rats can restore muscle aerobic function and enzyme activity levels to young adult levels (9). Only a few studies have investigated endurance or resistance exercise training effects in very old humans ('79 yr), and although there are clear benefits to exercise training (22), overall these studies suggest that in very old age (20,41,56) and in frail elderly (21,25) there is a diminished capacity for adaptation at these advanced ages. For example, Slivka et al (56) recently demonstrated a complete lack of adaptation to resistance training at the single fiber level in men Ն 80 yr of age.…”

Section: Impact Of Endurance Training On Skeletal Muscle Aerobic Funcmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nonetheless, many studies in middle-to late-middle-aged individuals have shown a maintained capacity to increase whole body maximal oxygen uptake (V O 2 max ) (28,42,43) and mitochondrial enzyme activity (14,63) following exercise training relative to young adults. Very few studies have examined whole body aerobic responses to endurance training in very advanced age (Ն80 yr of age; senescence) (20,41), and none has assessed adaptability of the skeletal muscle aerobic machinery specifically. Since improvements in muscle and whole body V O 2 max are accompanied by increases in mitochondrial enzyme activity in both young adult and late-middleaged muscle (9,14,17), it is important to establish the efficacy of endurance training on the skeletal muscle aerobic machinery at these advanced ages because such adaptations are important to whole body aerobic capacity and mobility in the elderly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training from late middle age until senescence does not attenuate the declines in skeletal muscle aerobic function

Betik¹,

Thomas²,

Wright³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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We previously showed that 7 wk of treadmill exercise training in late-middle-aged rats can reverse the modest reductions in skeletal muscle aerobic function and enzyme activity relative to values in young adult rats (Exp Physiol 93: 863-871, 2008). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether extending this training program into senescence would attenuate the accelerated decline in the muscle aerobic machinery normally seen at this advanced age. For this purpose, 29-mo-old Fisher 344 Brown-Norway rats underwent 5 or 7 mo of treadmill exercise training. Training resulted in greater exercise capacity during an incremental treadmill exercise test and reduced percent body fat in 34- and 36-mo-old rats and improved survival. Despite these benefits at the whole body level, in situ muscle aerobic capacity and muscle mass were not greater in the trained groups at 34 mo or 36 mo of age. Similarly, the trained groups did not have higher activities of citrate synthase (CS) or Complex IV in homogenates of either the plantaris (fast twitch) or the soleus (slow twitch) muscles at either age. Finally, protein expression of CS (a marker of mitochondrial content) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (relating to the drive on mitochondrial biogenesis) were not higher in the trained groups. Therefore, although treadmill training from late middle age into senescence had significant benefits on running capacity, survival, and body fat, it did not prevent the declines in muscle mass, muscle aerobic capacity, or mitochondrial enzyme activities normally seen across this age, revealing a markedly diminished plasticity of the aerobic machinery in response to endurance exercise at advanced age.

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“…Improving muscular frailty Muscular frailty is a hallmark of ageing (Runge et al 2004), and training seems to be an appropriate means to counteract, at least partly, the debilitating effects of senescence (Fiatarone et al 1990;Malbut et al 2002;Mian et al 2007).…”

Section: Clinical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration as an exercise modality: how it may work, and what its potential might be

2009

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Whilst exposure to vibration is traditionally regarded as perilous, recent research has focussed on potential benefits. Here, the physical principles of forced oscillations are discussed in relation to vibration as an exercise modality. Acute physiological responses to isolated tendon and muscle vibration and to whole body vibration exercise are reviewed, as well as the training effects upon the musculature, bone mineral density and posture. Possible applications in sports and medicine are discussed. Evidence suggests that acute vibration exercise seems to elicit a specific warm-up effect, and that vibration training seems to improve muscle power, although the potential benefits over traditional forms of resistive exercise are still unclear. Vibration training also seems to improve balance in sub-populations prone to fall, such as frail elderly people. Moreover, literature suggests that vibration is beneficial to reduce chronic lower back pain and other types of pain. Other future indications are perceivable.

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Aerobic training in the 'oldest old': the effect of 24 weeks of training

Abstract: progressive aerobic training can increase the maximal aerobic power of very elderly women. A 15% increase in VO(2)max may prevent many elderly women from crossing functionally important thresholds, thereby helping to maintain independence.

Cited by 64 publications

References 19 publications

Long-term strength training for community-dwelling people over 75: impact on muscle function, functional ability and life style

Long-term strength training for community-dwelling people over 75: impact on muscle function, functional ability and life style

Exercise training from late middle age until senescence does not attenuate the declines in skeletal muscle aerobic function

Vibration as an exercise modality: how it may work, and what its potential might be

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