Aerobic Training and Circulating Neurotrophins in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: A Controlled Trial

Stein, Angélica Miki; Coelho, Flávia Gomes de Melo; Silva, Thays Martins Vital da; Rueda, André Veloso Lima; Pereira, Jessica Rodrigues; Deslandes, Andréa Camaz; Camarini, Rosana; Galduróz, Ruth Ferreira

doi:10.1080/0361073x.2022.2048586

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…One preliminary finding was that the between-group effect sizes for testing plasma BDNF and IGF-1 were negligible (<0.20). These between-group effect sizes are smaller in magnitude relative to the findings from the limited number of AEx studies involving persons with AD dementia [26,27]. First, Stein and colleagues showed small-tomoderate effects of 12 weeks' AEx compared to usual-care control on resting plasma BDNF (SMD = 0.31, 95%CI [−0.45, 1.05]) and IGF-1 levels (SMD = −0.61, 95%CI [−1.29, 0.10]) in 34 participants with mild-to-moderate AD dementia [26].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…These between-group effect sizes are smaller in magnitude relative to the findings from the limited number of AEx studies involving persons with AD dementia [26,27]. First, Stein and colleagues showed small-tomoderate effects of 12 weeks' AEx compared to usual-care control on resting plasma BDNF (SMD = 0.31, 95%CI [−0.45, 1.05]) and IGF-1 levels (SMD = −0.61, 95%CI [−1.29, 0.10]) in 34 participants with mild-to-moderate AD dementia [26]. Likewise, a second study by Enette et al with 51 participants with mild-to-moderate AD randomized to 9 weeks of moderate intensity AEx, high-intensity interval training, or educational control showed a negative effect on plasma BDNF (SMD = −1.4, 95%CI [−2.02, −0.78]) [27].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…However, the effect of AEx on resting plasma neurotrophic factor levels in AD dementia is understudied and is limited to two studies, which have focused only on BDNF [26,27] and IGF-1 [26]. Likewise, when looking at the effects of AEx as a therapy for chronic diseases, its pleiotropic effects are generally believed to be mediated in part by dose and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) [28], both yet to be studied in the context of neurotrophic factors in AD dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerobic Exercise, Training Dose, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Effects and Relationships with Resting Plasma Neurotrophic Factors in Alzheimer’s Dementia

Salisbury,

Li,

Todd

et al. 2023

JVD

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Background: Vascular health is increasingly recognized for its roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this study was to investigate effects of exercise training, dose, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on neurotrophic factors in community-dwelling, older adults with mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Methods: This was a pilot blood ancillary study of the FIT-AD trial. Participants in the parent study were randomized to 6-month aerobic exercise (AEx) or stretching control. For this ancillary study, resting plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) biomarkers were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Estimates of within- and between- group effect sizes were calculated (Cohen’s d). Relationships of biomarker change with dose and CRF change were explored with multivariable linear regression and repeated measures correlations. Results: The sample (n = 26, 18 AEx/8 stretching) averaged 77.6 ± 6.9 years old, with the majority being male (65.4%), and non-Hispanic White (92.3%); between-group effect sizes were generally small except for irisin (d = −0.44)), AEx group relative to stretching group. Associations of dose and changes in CRF with changes in neurotrophic biomarker were weak (r2 ≤ 0.025). Conclusions: The effects of exercise on BDNF, irisin, IGF-1, and FGF-21 were heterogeneous in AD. Our findings need validation in future, adequately powered exercise studies in AD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerobic Exercise, Training Dose, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Effects and Relationships with Resting Plasma Neurotrophic Factors in Alzheimer’s Dementia

Salisbury,

Li,

Todd

et al. 2023

JVD

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“…BDNF and VEGF increased but IGF-1 was unaffected by a 12-week intervention of adapted swimming for 50 min, 3 days per week, in which the main exercises were 30 min of kicking, knees to chest, inside and outside movement of feet, running, sidestep, jumping, and free swimming [21]. The findings of the studies reviewed here suggest that exercise boosts these growth factors, leading to improved overall brain health [32,33]; however, in one recent study similar to that of Lee et al [21], involving loading characteristics that were nearly 75% of maximal HR, with 25-40 min of exercise for 12 weeks, there appeared to be no significant changes in circulating plasma levels of BDNF, VEGF165, and IGF-1 in adults with Alzheimer's disease [34]. This suggests the need for further research on these critical biochemical factors, which considers the intensity of exercise expressed mainly in terms of heart rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Effects of Aquatic Interventions on Physical Health Indicators in People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review

Tsalis,

Kyriakidou

2023

Healthcare

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Exercise in water is widely used for improving the physical capacities of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). In this review, we examined the results of studies on the effects of water interventions on functional abilities, as well as the physiological and biochemical status of people with IDs. We considered studies in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Research Gate databases which were published between 2010 and 31 December 2022. Based on our inclusion criteria, 15 studies were selected for review. We found incomplete recording of data on the intensity and timing of physical activity. There was also wide variation in the terminology used to describe physical abilities. The study results suggested that aquatic interventions brought about improvements in endurance and strength; however, conflicting data were found with respect to balance and body mass index, and there were few data on biomarkers related to stress and brain health. Further research with more accurate training load data and a more common fitness terminology is needed. Lastly, traditional swimming should probably be considered as an aquatic intervention.

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“…58 Exercise increases plasma levels of BDNF and other neurotrophins in humans. 59,[60][61][62][63][64] Acute circulating BDNF regulation by exercise may depend on the level of physical fitness and correlates with training-induced improvements in metabolic and cognitive functions. 65 However, muscle BDNF may have a primary autocrine function and has not yet been shown to be released from the muscle to mediate direct muscle-brain interactions.…”

Section: Myokines: Autocrine and Paracrine Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Muscle Signals Mediate the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Cognition?

Benarroch

2022

Neurology

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Cumulative evidence indicates that physical exercise has positive effects on cognitive functions. Physical activity decreases the rate of cognitive decline both in healthy people and in people with neurodegenerative disorders across the lifespan.1-5 Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity has been shown to be associated with improved learning and memory,1,6,7 executive functions,8 and reaction time.9 A recent longitudinal population-based study including 2,060 cognitively unimpaired men and women aged 70 years or older showed that light-intensity midlife physical activity was associated with less decline in memory function, and vigorous late-life physical activity was associated with less decline in language, attention, and global cognition compared with the no physical activity reference group.10 Physical activity has also been associated with a reduced risk of dementia among individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).11 Aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD),12-14 frontotemporal dementia,15 and Parkinson disease (PD).16-19 For example, randomized controlled trials show that physical exercise improved cognition in both AD and MCI groups, with an effect size similar to that of donepezil.20 In patients with PD, aerobic exercise increased functional connectivity of the anterior putamen with the sensorimotor cortex and functional connectivity in the right frontoparietal network, stabilizing disease progression in the corticostriatal sensorimotor network and enhancing cognitive performance.21 Exercise training program also had positive effects on prefrontal activity and gait performance.22

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Aerobic Training and Circulating Neurotrophins in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: A Controlled Trial

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Aerobic Exercise, Training Dose, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Effects and Relationships with Resting Plasma Neurotrophic Factors in Alzheimer’s Dementia

Aerobic Exercise, Training Dose, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Effects and Relationships with Resting Plasma Neurotrophic Factors in Alzheimer’s Dementia

Effects of Aquatic Interventions on Physical Health Indicators in People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review

What Muscle Signals Mediate the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Cognition?

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