Aerobic Rice with or without Strategic Irrigation in the Subtropics

Asl

et al. 2022

BFJ

PurposeThis research aims to monitor vegetation indices to assess drought in paddy rice fields in Mazandaran, Iran, and propose the best index to predict rice yield.Design/methodology/approachA three-step methodology is applied. First, the paddy rice fields are mapped by using three satellite-based datasets, namely SRTM DEM, Landsat8 TOA and MYD11A2. Second, the maps of indices are extracted using MODIS. And finally, the trend of indices over rice-growing seasons is extracted and compared with the rice yield data.FindingsRice paddies maps and vegetation indices maps are provided. Vegetation Health Index (VHI) combining average Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and minimum Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and also VHI combining TCImin and VCImin are found to be the most proper indices to predict rice yield.Practical implicationsThe results serve as a guideline for policy-makers and practitioners in the agro-food industry to (1) support sustainable agriculture and food safety in terms of rice production; (2) help balance the supply and demand sides of the rice market and move towards SDG2; (3) use yield prediction in the rice supply chain management, pricing and trade flows management; and (4) assess drought risk in index-based insurances.Originality/valueThis study, as one of the first research assessing and mapping vegetation indices for rice paddies in northern Iran, particularly contributes to (1) extracting the map of paddy rice fields in Mazandaran Province by using satellite-based data on cloud-computing technology in the Google Earth Engine platform; (2) providing the map of VCI and TCI for the period 2010–2019 based on MODIS data and (3) specifying the best index to describe rice yield through proposing different calculation methods for VHI.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought assessment in paddy rice fields using remote sensing technology towards achieving food security and SDG2

Asl

et al. 2022

BFJ

“…Different agricultural major research wings define NUE differently, such as plant physiologists take into account various steps during N management, that is, N Transformation of conventional rice to aerobic rice system (Source: Joshi et al, 2018). (A) Benefits of aerobic rice system (Source: Silwal et al, 2020), and (B) elaboration of its growth phases (Source: Shah et al, 2014). uptake, N assimilation, N allocation, and N remobilization, more obviously during leaf senescence (Sandhu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Why Increase In N-use Efficiency Is Important?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Transformation of conventional rice to aerobic rice system (Source: Joshi et al, 2018 ). (A) Benefits of aerobic rice system (Source: Silwal et al, 2020 ), and (B) elaboration of its growth phases (Source: Shah et al, 2014 ). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system

Farooq

Wang

Uzair³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a staple food for more than half of the global population, and sustaining productivity under a scarcity of resources is challenging to meet the future food demands of the inflating global population. The aerobic rice system can be considered as a transformational replacement for traditional rice, but the widespread adaptation of this innovative approach has been challenged due to higher losses of nitrogen (N) and reduced N-use efficiency (NUE). For normal growth and developmental processes in crop plants, N is required in higher amounts. N is a mineral nutrient and an important constituent of amino acids, nucleic acids, and many photosynthetic metabolites, and hence is essential for normal plant growth and metabolism. Excessive application of N fertilizers improves aerobic rice growth and yield, but compromises economic and environmental sustainability. Irregular and uncontrolled use of N fertilizers have elevated several environmental issues linked to higher N losses in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and nitrate (NO3–), thereby threatening environmental sustainability due to higher warming potential, ozone depletion capacities, and abilities to eutrophicate the water resources. Hence, enhancing NUE in aerobic rice has become an urgent need for the development of a sustainable production system. This article was designed to investigate the major challenge of low NUE and evaluate recent advances in pathways of the N cycle under the aerobic rice system, and thereby suggest the agronomic management approaches to improve NUE. The major objective of this review is about optimizing the application of N inputs while sustaining rice productivity and ensuring environmental safety. This review elaborates that different soil conditions significantly shift the N dynamics via changes in major pathways of the N cycle and comprehensively reviews the facts why N losses are high under the aerobic rice system, which factors hinder in attaining high NUE, and how it can become an eco-efficient production system through agronomic managements. Moreover, it explores the interactive mechanisms of how proper management of N cycle pathways can be accomplished via optimized N fertilizer amendments. Meanwhile, this study suggests several agricultural and agronomic approaches, such as site-specific N management, integrated nutrient management (INM), and incorporation of N fertilizers with enhanced use efficiency that may interactively improve the NUE and thereby plant N uptake in the aerobic rice system. Additionally, resource conservation practices, such as plant residue management, green manuring, improved genetic breeding, and precision farming, are essential to enhance NUE. Deep insights into the recent advances in the pathways of the N cycle under the aerobic rice system necessarily suggest the incorporation of the suggested agronomic adjustments to reduce N losses and enhance NUE while sustaining rice productivity and environmental safety. Future research on N dynamics is encouraged under the aerobic rice system focusing on the interactive evaluation of shifts among activities and diversity in microbial communities, NUE, and plant demands while applying N management measures, which is necessary for its widespread adaptation in face of the projected climate change and scarcity of resources.

“…The reduced photosynthetic responses were attributed to reduced nitrogen efficiency, suggesting the nitrogen use efficiency was critical to maintaining photosynthetic efficiency. In Australia, Silwal et al [71] employed 13 aerobic rice cultivars with and without irrigation. Irrigation was associated with greater leaf area index, spikelet fertility, water use efficiency at anthesis.…”

Section: Photosynthesis and Reduced Water Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrification and Denitrification Processes in Rice (Oryza Sativa), with an Emphasis on Reduced Water Irrigation Regimes in USA

Aide¹

2021

JEP

The nitrogen cycle is the basis for understanding nitrogen dynamics in soil fertility and ecosystem health. Nitrification and denitrification are key nitrogen cycle components that influence nitrogen uptake in food crops, thus critical to food security. Rice (Oryza sativa) is comparatively unique in that the nitrification-denitrification sequence is a perceived loss of available nitrogen for plant uptake and the production of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) has severe implications in climate change. This review focuses on recent research involving nitrification and denitrification, with an emphasis on rice. The review also focuses on the emerging irrigation strategies associated with furrow irrigation and alternating wetting-drying irrigation. With growing global interest in reducing irrigation water application, new research paradigms are emerging to perfect these reduced water applications systems to guarantee food security and farm profitability.