Aerobic pathogenic bacteria in post-operative wounds at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital

Andhoga, J.; Macharia, Anne-Marie; Maikuma, I.R.; Wanyonyi, Z.S.; Ayumba, B.R.; Kakai, Rose

doi:10.4314/eamj.v79i12.8671

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…These observations were similar to findings of Bericon et al and Anvikar et al 20,21 In the present study, S.aureus was highly resistant to pencillin and ampicillin which concurs with many of the studies reported recently. 22,23 A notifiable finding in our study was a greater proportion of S.aureus strains, exhibited resistance to Amoxyclaulanic acid which indicates a gradual decline in the use of this drug for treatment of SSI caused by S.aureus. The current study documented a higher rate of methicillin resistance among S.aureus (37%), which signifies the increasing trend of MRSA infection and wide spread reports locally and globally confirms the findings of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

A prospective study of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital

2017

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INTRODUCTIONAmong the Health care associated infections (HAI), surgical site infections (SSI) previously termed as postoperative wound infections are one of the most common HAI in low and middle income countries. The prevalence of these infections varies widely ranging from 5-16%. In India, based upon the various studies prevalence of SSI varies between 5% and 24%.1 SSI are defined as an infection occurring within 30 days after a surgical operation (or within 1 year if an implant is left in place after procedure) and affecting either incision or deep tissues at the operation site.2 Despite advances in SSI control practices, like improved operating room ventilation, sterilization methods, use of barriers, surgical technique there has been an alarming rise in low and middle income countries. Increase in SSI is associated with increased morbidity, as well as mortality due to emergence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Factors related to development of SSI include patient related factors like smoking, diabetes etc. and also operation ABSTRACT Background: Among the Health care associated infections (HAI), surgical site infections (SSI) previously termed as post-operative wound infections are one of the most common HAI in low and middle income countries. Increase in SSI is associated with increased morbidity, as well as mortality due to emergence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Understanding the pathogens implicated in causing the SSIs and their antimicrobial sensitivity place a good role in reducing the mortality and morbidity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to all the patients admitted in Department of surgery, Orthopedics and Gynecology and Obstetrics for six months from January 2016 to June 2016. The demographic data, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, risk factors, clinical history, laboratory data with gram stain, culture results and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates were collected. Results: Two hundred patients were recruited in the study and the prevalence of SSI in the study was 3.83%. Patients who underwent emergency operations and diabetics were at higher risk of acquiring SSI. The most commonly isolated pathogens in the study were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most common isolate from orthopedic cases of SSI, Escherichia coli was most common isolate from intestinal surgeries and Staphylococcus aureus from LSCS. Increased rate of isolation of MRSA and ESBL strains were observed in the study. Conclusions: Study clearly explains the various causes and risk factors associated in development of SSI. The study guides in the type of the organism isolated and possible antibiotic of choice in treatment and management of SSI. The prevalence of SSI was 3.83%, which is comparable with some of the studies and lower than many of the studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

A prospective study of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital

2017

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“…37 In addition to this, the emergence of high antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens has made management of treatment of postoperative wound infections difficult. 38,39 However, MDR clinical pathogens cause dangerous, lifethreatening invasive infections and are resistant to a wide range of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The mechanisms behind multidrug (MD) resistance are complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy for <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and multidrug-resistant bacterial burn infection in vitro and in vivo

Mai¹,

Gao²,

Li³

et al. 2017

IJN

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Background and objectives Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the most important determinants of outcome in patients with serious infections, along with the virulence of the underlying pathogen. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has been proposed as an alternative approach for the inactivation of bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS)-mediated PACT on Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistant S. aureus in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Bacteria were incubated with DVDMS and exposed to treatment with light. After PACT treatment, colony-forming units were counted to estimate the bactericidal effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen-species production was detected by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry and fluorescence-microscopy detection of bacterial cell-membrane permeability. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine expression of VEGF, TGFβ 1 , TNFα, IL6, and bFGF factors in burn infection. Results DVDMS-PACT effectively killed bacterial proliferation. Intracellular ROS levels were enhanced obviously in the PACT-treatment group. SYTO 9 and propidium iodide staining showed a decrease in the ratio of green:red fluorescence intensity in the PACT-treatment group in comparison to the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay results revealed that in the healing process, the expression of bFGF, TGFβ 1 , and VEGF in the treatment group were higher than in the control group, which inhibited inflammation-factor secretion. In addition, skin-tissue bacteria were reduced after treatment. Conclusion These results indicate that DVDMS-PACT presents significant bactericidal activity and promotes wound healing after burn infections.

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“…The high level of resistance observed among the tested bacterial isolates in this study could be as a result of indiscriminate use of the tested antibiotics. It could also be due to the transfer of resistant genes among organisms as has been reported in microbial communities like biofilms (Andhoga et al, 2002). Although the resistance observed in gentamicin and cotrimoxazole are relatively high, the two antibiotics proved to be the candidates of choice for treatment of orthopaedic wound infections in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial profile of Moringa leaf and seed oil extracts against resistant strains of wound pathogens in orthopedic hospitals

Mgbeahuruike¹,

Edeh²,

Eze³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The antimicrobial profile of oil extracts from Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds on orthopaedic wound pathogens was tested and compared with the antimicrobial activity of some antibiotics. The pathogens were characterized using biochemical and morphological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on the pathogens using paper discs diffusion method. Plasmid curing was done on the isolates that showed resistance to antibiotics and the Moringa extracts. Time of kill assay was done with modified plating technique. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 43% of the pathogens followed by Proteus spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (15%), Citrobacter spp. (11%), Escherichia coli (8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6%). Over 80% of the organisms were resistant to the tested antibiotics and their resistance were of plasmid origin. The methanolic leaf oil extract showed highest antimicrobial activity. The activity of the aqueous seed oil extract was significantly higher than the methanolic and ethanolic seed oil extracts (P > 0.05). Viable cell counts of S. aureus and Klebsiella spp. were reduced by the methanolic leaf and aqueous seed oil extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic leaf and aqueous seed oil extracts compared favourably with the reference antibiotics and can be used as alternatives for treatment of orthopaedic wound infections.

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Aerobic pathogenic bacteria in post-operative wounds at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

A prospective study of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital

A prospective study of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital

Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy for <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and multidrug-resistant bacterial burn infection in vitro and in vivo

Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial profile of Moringa leaf and seed oil extracts against resistant strains of wound pathogens in orthopedic hospitals

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