Aerobic method for the synthesis of nearly size-monodisperse bismuth nanoparticles from a redox non-innocent precursor

Abstract

Herein, we report an aerobic synthesis method to produce bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs) with average diameters in the range 40-80 nm using commercially available bismuth triiodide (BiI 3 ) as starting material; the method uses only readily available chemicals and conventional laboratory equipment. Furthermore, size data from replicates of the synthesis under standard reaction conditions indicate that this method is highly reproducible in achieving Bi NP populations with low standard deviations in the mean diameters. We also investigated the mechanism of the reaction, which we determined results from the reduction of a soluble alkylammonium iodobismuthate precursor species formed in situ. Under appropriate concentration conditions of iodobismuthate anion, we demonstrate that burst nucleation of Bi NPs results from reduction of Bi 3+ by the coordinated, redox noninnocent iodide ligands when a threshold temperature is exceeded. Finally, we demonstrate phase transfer and silica coating of the Bi NPs, which results in stable aqueous colloids with retention of size, morphology, and colloidal stability. The resultant, high atomic number, hydrophilic Bi NPs prepared using this synthesis method have potential for application in emerging X-ray contrast and X-ray therapeutic applications.

Comprehensive Study on Lemon Juice-Based Green Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Bismuth Nanoparticles

“…In order to synthesize high-quality BiNPs, a variety of synthetic approaches have been employed. The solution-phase chemical reduction method is the most popular due to its facile nature, ,,,,,− but this approach is not environmentally benign enough due to the use of toxic reducing agents/organic solvents and/or auxiliary stabilizers that are still unavoidable. Therefore, to overcome the challenges of this method, green synthesis could be an expectative alternative, enabling eco-friendly and cost-effective protocols using green and renewable materials.…”

Bismuth nanoparticles obtained by a facile synthesis method exhibit antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

“…Most of the current protocols for synthesizing biologically suitable BiNPs cannot be replicated in non-specialized laboratories. Some methods require specialized equipment, such as gamma irradiators [ 24 ], laser ablation [ 25 ]; or controlled conditions, such as inert atmosphere [ 26 ], vacuum [ 27 ], or high temperatures [ 28 , 29 ]. Also, some protocols require a long-time synthesis [ 24 ], or several intermediate steps [ 30 ].…”

Magnetic and Magneto-Optical Oroperties of Iron Oxides Nanoparticles Synthesized under Atmospheric Pressure

“…In this regard, the use of other solvents and iron complexes is of particular interest and has been investigated in the literature [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 47 ]. Therefore, hexadecylamine (HDA) has been used as a solvent, stabilizing and reducing agent for the synthesis of nanoparticles of silver [ 50 ], nickel [ 51 ], bismuth [ 52 ], and others. Authors of work [ 53 ] have synthesized superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles via the solvothermal method by the reduction of Fe(acac) 3 using a mixture with HDA as a stabilizer.…”