Aerobic High-Intensity Intervals Improve V˙O2max More Than Moderate Training

Helgerud, Jan; Høydal, Kjetil Laurits; Wang, Eivind; Karlsen, Trine; Berg, Pål R.; Bjerkaas, Marius; Simonsen, Thomas; Helgesen, Cecilie S.; Hjorth, Nina L.; Bach, Ragnhild; Hoff, Jan

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180304570

Cited by 985 publications

(1,037 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Central cardiovascular plasticity and exercise capacity with age Since Q max has been documented to change proportionally with whole body VO 2max (Grimby et al 1966;Helgerud et al 2007;Saltin et al 1968), it was not surprising that in the current study, where young and old subjects who had been matched for maximal metabolic capacity, baseline Q max was similar in the two groups. Further examination of the components of Q max revealed additional differences in central cardiovascular responses to exercise in the young and old at baseline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Wang

Næss

Hoff

et al. 2013

AGE

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Although aging is typically associated with a decline in maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ), young and old subjects, of similar initial muscle metabolic capacity, increased quadriceps VO 2max equally when this small muscle mass was trained in isolation. As it is unclear if this preserved exercise-induced plasticity with age is still evident with centrally challenging whole body exercise, we assessed maximal exercise responses in 13 young (24±2 years) and 13 old (60± 3 years) males, matched for cycling VO 2max (3.82±0.66 and 3.69±0.30 L min −1 , respectively), both before and after 8 weeks of high aerobic intensity cycle exercise training. As a consequence of the training both young and old significantly improved VO 2max (13±6 vs. 6± 7 %) and maximal power output (20±6 vs. 10±6 %, respectively) from baseline, however, the young exhibited a significantly larger increase than the old. Similarly, independently assessed maximal cardiac output (Q max ) tended to increase more in the young (16 ±14 %) than in the old (11±12 %), with no change in a-vO 2 difference in either group. Further examination of the components of Q max provided additional evidence of reduced exercise-induced plasticity in both maximal heart rate (young −3 %, old 0 %) and stroke volume (young 19± 15, old 11± 11 %) in the old. In combination, these findings imply that limited central cardiovascular plasticity may be responsible, at least in part, for the attenuated response to whole body exercise training with increasing age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Wang

Næss

Hoff

et al. 2013

AGE

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“…It shows the maximum possible oxygen that human body can intake in one minute, and it is closely related to body endurance and aerobic activity and depends on the performance of skeleton, muscular, and cardiovascular systems [4]. In addition, maximum anaerobic power (pmax) is the ability of all muscles to produce more force with high speed in sprint activities for a very short time [5]. Given the strong correlation of health with fat level, the evaluation of body composition (especially body fat percent) is an important component of physical fitness [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition and bioenergetic indices in boys - futsal players

Fatemeh

Shabani

Nazari

2016

PES

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Abstract. Background: High-intensity interval trainings (HIIT) can result in the best improvement of body fitness among athletes in the shortest possible time. The impact of HIIT on bioenergetic factors of futsal players has not been studied extensively. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of 3-week HIIT on body composition indices, maximum aerobic power, and maximum anaerobic power, anaerobic power among boysfutsal players. Material: 30 boys -futsal players (mean± SD age, 13.49±1.03 years; BMI, 20.95±1.78 kg/m 2 ) participated in the study voluntarily. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. HIIT lasted for three weeks, three sessions a week for 12-36 minutes on treadmill. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), thickness of body fat, maximal aerobic power, and maximum anaerobic power were recorded before intervention and 48 hours after the final training session. Aerobic power was measured with 20-m shuttle run, and maximum anaerobic power was measured with RAST test. Paired sample t-test was used to determine pretest-posttest differences, and independent t-test was used to determine between-group differences. The significance level was set to P < 0.05. Results: Significant differences were found in weight, BMI, thickness of body fat, maximum aerobic power and maximum anaerobic power in experimental group (P = 0.001) before and after training intervention, but the change in WHR was not significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in selected body composition between experimental and control groups, but they exhibited significant differences in maximum aerobic power and maximum anaerobic power (P = 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, HIIT can be an effective training program for improving the performance of bioenergetic indices of futsal players. Also, it is recommended to study the effect of similar trainings with longer durations on other indices in other sports in future studies.

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“…They showed that improvements in aerobic fitness and exercise performance are intensity dependent, though changes in markers of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity are not different between the groups. This findings suggest that the additional improvements in VO 2 max are a result of a greater cardiovascular adaptation, and high-intensity training is necessary for cardiac improvement, 8,[10][11][12] which is a rate-limiting step in the improvement of aerobic fitness in athletes as well as healthy active individuals. 13 …”

Section: Exercise Intensitymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The accumulation of tVO 2 max is a key factor in maximizing the training stimulus to improve aerobic fitness, 8,[10][11][12] and a variety of combinations of work duration and active/passive recovery have been reported.…”

Section: Hiit Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Universal Application of High-intensity Interval Training from Athletes and Sports Lovers to Patients

Azuma

Matsumoto

2016

Keio J. Med.

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Recently, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has received much attention as a promising exercise option not only to improve aerobic fitness, but also to prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that the exercise volume, as determined by the product of exercise intensity, duration, and frequency, has been shown to be important for improvements in muscle mitochondrial activity and subsequent improvements in aerobic fitness, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic variables. Therefore, continuous moderate-intensity training has been widely recommended. On the other hand, the main contributor of HIIT to improvements in aerobic fitness and metabolic variables is its high-intensity nature, and many recent studies have shown results favoring HIIT when compared with conventional continuous training, despite its shorter exercise duration and smaller exercise volume. In this review, we aim to show the possible universal application of HIIT in a hospital setting, where athletes, sports lovers, and patients have sought medical advice and have the opportunity to undergo detailed evaluations, including an exercise stress test. For athletes, HIIT is mandatory to achieve further improvements in aerobic fitness. For patients, though higher levels of motivation and careful evaluation are required, the time constraints of HIIT are smaller and both aerobic and resistance training can be expected to yield favorable results because of the high-intensity nature of HIIT.

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Aerobic High-Intensity Intervals Improve V˙O2max More Than Moderate Training

Abstract: : High-aerobic intensity endurance interval training is significantly more effective than performing the same total work at either lactate threshold or at 70% HRmax, in improving VO2max. The changes in VO2max correspond with changes in SV, indicating a close link between the two.

Cited by 985 publications

References 26 publications

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition and bioenergetic indices in boys - futsal players

Potential Universal Application of High-intensity Interval Training from Athletes and Sports Lovers to Patients

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