Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans

Colcombe, Stanley J.; Erickson, Kirk I.; Raz, Naftali; Webb, Andrew; Cohen, Neal J.; McAuley, Edward; Kramer, Arthur F.

doi:10.1093/gerona/58.2.m176

Cited by 828 publications

(625 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Other potential mechanisms may involve more endotheliumdependent vasodilatation as a result of more NO bioavailability (Green et al 2004) and/or cerebral angiogenesis (Rhyu et al 2010;Swain et al 2003;Ding et al 2006;Black et al 1990). In support of this, ageinduced cerebral atrophy appears to be less marked in those with higher aerobic fitness (Colcombe et al 2003). Furthermore, 6 months of aerobic exercise training can even increase brain volume in previously sedentary older individuals (Colcombe et al 2006), so a corresponding increase in CBF would seem plausible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity at rest and during sub-maximal exercise: Effect of age and 12-week exercise training

Murrell

Cotter

Thomas

et al. 2012

AGE

165

180

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Chronic reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO 2 are risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. Higher aerobic fitness is associated with higher CBF at any age; however, whether CBF or reactivity can be elevated following an exercise training intervention in healthy individuals is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of exercise training on CBF and cerebrovascular reactivity at rest and during exercise in young and older individuals. Ten young (23±5 years; body mass index ) previously sedentary individuals breathed 5 % CO 2 for 3 min at rest and during steady-state cycling exercise (30 and 70 % heart rate range (HRR)) prior to and following a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention. Effects of training on middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) at rest were unclear in both age groups. The absolute MCAv response to exercise was greater in the young (9 and 9 cm s −1 (30 and 70 % HRR, respectively) vs. 5 and 4 cm s −1 (older), P<0.05) and was similar following training. Cerebrovascular reactivity was elevated following the 12-week training at rest (2.87±0.76 vs. 2.54± 1.12 cm s −1 mm Hg −1 , P00.01) and during exercise, irrespective of age. The finding of a training-induced elevation in cerebrovascular reactivity provides further support for exercise as a preventative tool in cerebrovascular and neurological disease with ageing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity at rest and during sub-maximal exercise: Effect of age and 12-week exercise training

Murrell

Cotter

Thomas

et al. 2012

AGE

165

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…68 Research on neuroimaging suggests that prefrontal and parietal circuits in the brain, the regions of the brain that are most involved in executive control, retain more plasticity. For example, in a cross-sectional study, Colcombe and colleagues 69 reported that fitter older subjects had a greater volume of gray matter in the prefrontal, parietal, and temporal regions and a greater volume of white matter in the genu of the corpus callosum than their less fit counterparts, after controlling for potential confounders.…”

Section: Physical Activity and The Prevention Of Dementia Ad Or Cogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Brain Aging: Role of Exercise and Physical Activity

Rolland¹,

Kan²,

Vellas³

2010

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

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“…It is possible that cognitive function and brain structure are cumulatively affected by individual health behavior, years of education, wealth, the ability to cope with stress, personality traits, and indicators of physical health such as body mass index (BMI) (Backman et al, 2006;Colcombe et al, 2003;Craik, 2006;Lindenberger and Baltes, 1997;Salthouse, 2003;Singh-Manoux et al, 2004;Smith, 2003;Springer et al, 2005). Therefore, we also examined the influence of psychosocial and physical health factors on cognitive and structural variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal forebrain integrity and cognitive memory profile in healthy aging

Düzel¹,

Münte²,

Lindenberger³

et al. 2010

Brain Research

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Age-related dysfunctions in cholinergic and dopaminergic neuromodulation are assumed to contribute to age-associated impairment of explicit memory. Both neurotransmitters also modulate attention, working memory, and processing speed. To date, in vivo evidence linking structural age-related changes in these neuromodulatory systems to dysfunction within or across these cognitive domains remains scarce. Using a factor analytical approach in a cross-sectional study including 86 healthy older (aged 55 to 83 years) and 24 young (aged 18 to 30 years) adults, we assessed the relationship between structural integrity-as measured by magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)-of the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), main origin of dopaminergic projections, basal forebrain (major origin of cortical cholinergic projections), frontal white matter (FWM), and hippocampus to neuropsychological and psychosocial scores. Basal forebrain MTR and FWM changes correlated with a factor combining verbal learning and memory and working memory and, as indicated by measures of diffusion, were most likely due to vascular pathology. These findings suggest that frontal white matter integrity and cholinergic neuromodulation provide clues as to why age-related cognitive decline is often correlated across cognitive domains. IntroductionAge-related decline in learning and memory, often termed age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) (Crook et al., 1986), is a well-documented finding in healthy older adults (Balota et al., 2000;Cabeza et al., 2000;Craik, 1994;Salthouse, 2003), but the neurobiological correlates of this decline are still under debate. A consistent pattern of AAMI is a decrement in declarative memory (Tulving, 1985) most clearly apparent in impaired free recall and recollection (Buckner, 2004;Craik, 2006;Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004;Nilsson, 2003). Evidence from lesion studies in humans and animals indicates that

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Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans

Abstract: These findings extend the scope of beneficial effects of aerobic exercise beyond cardiovascular health, and they suggest a strong solid biological basis for the benefits of exercise on the brain health of older adults.

Cited by 828 publications

References 18 publications

Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity at rest and during sub-maximal exercise: Effect of age and 12-week exercise training

Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity at rest and during sub-maximal exercise: Effect of age and 12-week exercise training

Healthy Brain Aging: Role of Exercise and Physical Activity

Basal forebrain integrity and cognitive memory profile in healthy aging

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