Aerobic Exercise Prevents Arterial Stiffness and Attenuates Hyperexcitation of Sympathetic Nerves in Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Mice after Transverse Aortic Constriction

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the efficacy of exercise on preventing arterial stiffness and the potential role of sympathetic nerves within perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in pressure-overload-induced heart failure (HF) mice. Eight-week-old male mice were subjected to sham operation (SHAM), transverse aortic constriction-sedentary (TAC-SE), and transverse aortic constriction-exercise (TAC-EX) groups. Six weeks of aerobic exercise training was performed using a treadmill. Arterial stiffness was determined by measuring the elastic modulus. The elastic and collagen fibers of the aorta and sympathetic nerve distribution in PVAT were observed. Circulating noradrenaline (NE), expressions of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), and adiponectin in PVAT were quantified. During the recovery of cardiac function by aerobic exercise, thoracic aortic collagen elastic modulus (CEM) and collagen fibers were significantly decreased (p < 0.05, TAC-SE vs. TAC-EX), and elastin elastic modulus (EEM) was significantly increased (p < 0.05, TAC-SE vs. TAC-EX). Circulating NE and sympathetic nerve distribution in PVAT were significantly decreased (p < 0.05, TAC-SE vs. TAC-EX). The expression of β3-AR was significantly reduced (p < 0.05, TAC-SE vs. TAC-EX), and adiponectin was significantly increased (p < 0.05, TAC-SE vs. TAC-EX) in PVAT. Regular aerobic exercise can effectively prevent arterial stiffness and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in the developmental course of HF, during which sympathetic innervation and adiponectin within PVAT might be strongly implicated.

HIIT Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Sympathetic Nerve Density to Induce Adipose Tissue Browning in T2DM Mice

“…M2 macrophages have been reported to stimulate local sympathetic activation and growth in iWAT by releasing Slit3 [ 16 ], and our results showed that HIIT significantly increased Slit3 gene expression. Voluntary exercise reduces the expression of sympathetic markers in mesenteric adipose tissue of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome [ 34 ], and aerobic exercise attenuates hyperexcitation of sympathetic nerves in perivascular adipose tissue of mice after transverse aortic constriction [ 35 ]. However, the effects of exercise on local sympathetic nerves in subcutaneous adipose tissue are unclear and less reported.…”

Perivascular adipose tissue: Fine-tuner of vascular redox status and inflammation

“…An 8-week aerobic training also upregulated eNOS expression and NO level, while downregulated thrombospondin 1 and TNFα expressions in thoracic PVAT of obese rats [ 100 ]. Recently, chronic aerobic exercise was shown to raise PVAT adiponectin level in an induced mouse model of heart failure [ 101 ], suggesting that exercise can improve the paracrine function of PVAT. Moreover, continuous and interval running exercise could limit PVAT-secreted advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in swine [ 46 ], where accumulated AGEs in the vasculature perturb cell surface of ECs to cause oxidative and inflammatory insults [ 15 ].…”