Aerobic and Anaerobic Swimming Force Evaluation in One Single Test Session for Young Swimmers

Abstract

This study aims to propose and validate the tethered swimming lactate minimum test (TSLacmin) estimating aerobic and anaerobic capacity in one single test session, using force as measurement parameter. 6 male and 6 female young swimmers (age=15.7±1.1 years; height=173.3±9.5 cm; weight=66.1±9.5 kg) performed 4 sessions comprising i) an all-out 30 s test and incremental test (TSLacmin); ii) 30 min of tethered swimming at constant intensity (2 sessions); iii) free-swimming time trials used to calculate critical velocity. Tethered swimming sessions used an acquisition system enabling maximum (Fmax) and mean (Fmean) force measurement and intensity variation. The tethered all-out test lasting 30 s resulted in hyperlactatemia of 7.9±2.0 mmol·l. TSLacmin presented a 100% success applicability rate, which is equivalent to aerobic capacity in 75% of cases. TSLacmin intensity was 37.7±7.3 N, while maximum force in the all-out test was 105±27 N. Aerobic and anaerobic TSLacmin parameters were significantly related to free-swimming performance (r=-0.67 for 100 m and r=-0.80 for 200 m) and critical velocity (r=0.80). TSLacmin estimates aerobic capacity in most cases, and both aerobic and anaerobic force parameters are well related to critical velocity and free swimming performance.

The Impact of the Development of Modern Biotechnology and Nanotechnology on the Swimming Sports Industry

“…A tethered swim test lasting 30 seconds resulted in hyperlactatemia of 7.9 ± 2.0 mmol-l -1 . TSLacmin exhibits a 100% successful application rate, which corresponds to aerobic capacity in 75% of cases [6]. e 2 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering healthcare sector is likely to benefit the most from the application of nanotechnology.…”

The Lactate Minimum Test: Concept, Methodological Aspects and Insights for Future Investigations in Human and Animal Models

“…For instance, its application was already conducted in a specific manner for taekwondo (Mota et al, 2011), basketball (Araujo et al, 2013; Camargo et al, 2013), table tennis (Barbieri and Gobatto, 2013), triathlon (Vicente-Campous et al, 2014), and futsal (Messias et al, 2015; Barbieri et al, 2017) besides several other important issues (Carter et al, 2000; Davison et al, 2000; Dantas De Luca et al, 2003; Zagatto et al, 2004, 2013; Simões et al, 2005; Rotstein et al, 2007; Mezzaroba and Machado, 2013; Miyagi et al, 2015; Sousa et al, 2017). Along with its popularity, concerns have arisen involving the influence of possible methodological aspects on LMT parameters, and effectiveness of LMI for identifying training effects or even iMLSS estimation validity.…”

Physical Performance Determinants in Competitive Youth Swimmers: A Systematic Review

“…Lactate threshold was measured by Papoti et al [60], who found strong correlations with swim performance across multiple distances. Lactate minimum tests and its related parameters were associated with swim performance in four studies [12,36,51,52].…”

“…The competition level of participants was reported in all but 14 studies who either stated [9,16,21,50,[70][71][72] or did not state the participants were competitive [1, 29, 35, 42-43, 52, 60]. For studies who stated competitive level, one included only county level participants [41], one included only regional level participants [62], Twelve included only national level participants [2,5,12,15,17,44,53,61,74,76,81, 86] and one included only international participants [23]. Twelve studies recruited a combination of participants who were competing at either national or regional level [13, 25-26, 36, 38-39, 51, 55-56, 78, 82-83], one recruited international and national level participants [58] and one included regional, national and international participants [31].…”