Aerobic and Anaerobic Changes with High-Intensity Interval Training in Active College-Aged Men

Ziemann, Ewa; Grzywacz, Tomasz; Łuszczyk, Marcin; Laskowski, Radosław; Olek, Robert A.; Gibson, Ann L.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181d09ec9

Cited by 83 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Additionally, despite the fact that our HIIT mode of training is very different methodologically than what was reported in previous studies, the HIIT protocol was able to increase the strength of the lower limbs. These findings are consistent with a previous HIIT-based study (90 s, 6 bouts, 6 weeks), in which HIIT improved several parameters related to power cycling in the lower limbs in adult men (Ziemann et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Non-responders for Glucose Control Markers after 10 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training in Adult Women with Higher and Lower Insulin Resistance

et al. 2017

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Background: Exercise training improves performance and biochemical parameters on average, but wide interindividual variability exists, with individuals classified as responders (R) or non-responders (NRs), especially between populations with higher or lower levels of insulin resistance. This study assessed the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and the prevalence of NRs in adult women with higher and lower levels of insulin resistance.Methods: Forty adult women were assigned to a HIIT program, and after training were analyzed in two groups; a group with higher insulin resistance (H-IR, 40 ± 6 years; BMI: 29.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2; n = 20) and a group with lower insulin resistance (L-IR, 35 ± 9 years; 27.8 ± 2.8 kg/m2; n = 20). Anthropometric, cardiovascular, metabolic, and performance variables were measured at baseline and after 10 weeks of training.Results: There were significant training-induced changes [delta percent (Δ%)] in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores in the H-IR group (−8.8, −26.5, −32.1%, p < 0.0001), whereas no significant changes were observed in the L-IR. Both groups showed significant pre-post changes in other anthropometric variables [waist circumference (−5.2, p < 0.010, and −3.8%, p = 0.046) and tricipital (−13.3, p < 0.010, and −13.6%, p < 0.0001), supra-iliac (−19.4, p < 0.0001, and −13.6%, p < 0.0001), and abdominal (−18.2, p < 0.0001, and −15.6%, p < 0.010) skinfold measurements]. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly only in the L-IR group (−3.2%, p < 0.010). Both groups showed significant increases in 1RMLE (+12.9, p < 0.010, and +14.7%, p = 0.045). There were significant differences in the prevalence of NRs between the H-IR and L-IR groups for fasting glucose (25 vs. 95%, p < 0.0001) and fasting insulin (p = 0.025) but not for HOMA-IR (25 vs. 45%, p = 0.185).Conclusion: Independent of the “magnitude” of the cardiometabolic disease (i.e., higher vs. lower insulin resistance), no differences were observed in the NRs prevalence with regard to improved HOMA-IR or to anthropometric, cardiovascular, and muscle performance co-variables after 10 weeks of HIIT in sedentary adult women. This research demonstrates the protective effect of HIIT against cardiometabolic disease progression in a sedentary population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Non-responders for Glucose Control Markers after 10 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training in Adult Women with Higher and Lower Insulin Resistance

et al. 2017

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“…Wrześniewski [13] found a 13% increase in the running speed at the anaerobic threshold as an effect of the interval exercise (6 repetition of 40-m sprints with 30s rests) used in the competitive period of handball players. Similar findings were reported by Zieman et al [14], where a 6-week interval training in a group of young untrained men caused a 10% increase in VO2max..…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of interval training in the pre-competition phase on aerobic capacity and peak power in judo contestants at high sports skill level

Borowiak¹,

Norkowski²,

Perkowski³

et al. 2014

Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts

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A characteristic feature of competitive exercise in judo is sequences of 10 to 30 second attacks and defences interspersed with 10s rests [1], which causes that cyclically repeated exercise with anaerobic and mixed (aerobic/anaerobic) represent the basic energy expenditure in this sport. In single, several-second actions, the major source of energy for the skeletal muscles is creatine phosphate [2]. During actions that take 20-30 s, the energy for muscular contraction is mainly used from the glycolytic system [3]. During a 5-minute judo bout, the essential importance is also from aerobic processes [4]. Assuming that aerobic and anaerobic capacity might affect the result of a competitive judo bout, the aim of the study was to determine the effects of a 5-week training program carried out in the pre-competition period among judo athletes at high sports skill level.Aim: to evaluate short (ca. 10s) maximum exercise in the form of the running intervals on running speed at the anaerobic threshold (V.AT.) during graded exercise test to exhaustion on a mechanical treadmill and relative mechanical work (J/kg), peak power (W/kg) and time of maintaining 97,5% of peak power in the Quebec test. Material and methodsSubjects: 8 judo contestants (adults) at high sports skill level. Mean age of the subjects = 23.8±2.5 years, mean body mass = 85.7±4.7 kg, mean body height = 179.8±5.4 cm, mean competitive experience = 8.3±3.6 years.The subjects performed 2 exercise tests twice at 5-week interval. The first test was carried out at the beginning of the pre-competitive phase of training and after completion of this period. The training program ( Key words: judo, interval exercise, running speed at the AT threshold, peak power SummaryIntroduction. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of non-specific training stimuli in the form of interval running exercise used during a 5-week training carried out in the pre-competition period on aerobic and anaerobic capacity of judo contestants at high sports skill level.Material and methods. Over twenty five training sessions, 8 judo athletes repeated each time 6 runs at maximum speed (4x14m shuttle run) interspersed with 30-second rest intervals in conditions typical for judo training (barefoot, on a tatami mat). Level of aerobic capacity was determined based on a laboratory exercise test to exhaustion performed on a mechanical treadmill. Level of anaerobic capacity was evaluated based on the results obtained from the Quebec test (10s maximum exercise on cycle ergometer.Results and Conclusions. Comparison between the results obtained during the exercise test to exhaustion and the Quebec test carried out before and after the pre-competition period revealed a statistically significant increase in running speed at the anaerobic threshold (V.AT.), significant increase in mechanical work (J/kg), peak power (W/kg) and elongation of time of maintaining 97.5% peak power in the Quebec test.

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“…A strength of this study was that we included a sample of 10–20 subjects in each group, and this size is frequently used in training interventions (Ziemann et al, 2011). We also reported pre-post changes, as well as the effect size and OR of NRs for each group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 6-Weeks High-Intensity Interval Training in Schoolchildren with Insulin Resistance: Influence of Biological Maturation on Metabolic, Body Composition, Cardiovascular and Performance Non-responses

et al. 2017

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Background: Previous studies have observed significant heterogeneity in the magnitude of change in measures of metabolic response to exercise training. There are a lack of studies examining the prevalence of non-responders (NRs) in children while considering other potential environmental factors involved such as biological maturation.Aim: To compare the effects and prevalence of NRs to improve the insulin resistance level (by HOMA-IR), as well as to other anthropometric, cardiovascular, and performance co-variables, between early (EM) and normal maturation (NM) in insulin-resistance schoolchildren after 6-weeks of HIIT.Methods: Sedentary children (age 11.4 ± 1.7 years) were randomized to either HIIT-EM group (n = 12) or HIIT-NM group (n = 17). Fasting glucose (FGL), fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) were assessed as the main outcomes, as well as the body composition [body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and tricipital (TSF), suprailiac (SSF) and abdominal skinfold (AbdSF)], cardiovascular systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and muscular performance [one-repetition maximum strength leg-extension (1RMLE) and upper row (1RMUR) tests] co-variables were assessed before and after intervention. Responders or NRs to training were defined as a change in the typical error method from baseline to follow-up for the main outcomes and co-variables.Results: There were no significant differences between groups in the prevalence of NRs based on FGL, FINS, and HOMA-IR. There were significant differences in NRs prevalence to decrease co-variables body mass (HIIT-EM 66.6% vs. HIIT-NM 35.2%) and SBP (HIIT-EM 41.6% vs. HIIT-NM 70.5%). A high risk [based on odds ratios (OR)] of NRs cases was detected for FGL, OR = 3.2 (0.2 to 5.6), and HOMA-IR, OR = 3.2 (0.2 to 6.0). Additionally, both HIIT-EM and HIIT-NM groups showed significant decreases (P < 0.05) in TSF, SSF, and AbdSF skinfold, and similar decreases in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. The HIIT-EM group showed significant decreases in SBP. The HIIT-NM group showed significant increases in 1RMLE and 1RMUR. A large effect size was observed for pre-post changes in TSF in both groups, as well as in SSF in the HIIT-NM group.Conclusion: Although there were no differences in the prevalence of NRs to metabolic variables between groups of insulin resistance schoolchildren of different maturation starting, other NRs differences were found to body mass and systolic BP, suggesting that anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters can be playing a role in the NRs prevalence after HIIT. These results were displayed with several metabolic, body composition, blood pressure, and performance improvements independent of an early/normal maturation or the prevalence of NRs.

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Aerobic and Anaerobic Changes with High-Intensity Interval Training in Active College-Aged Men

Cited by 83 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence of Non-responders for Glucose Control Markers after 10 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training in Adult Women with Higher and Lower Insulin Resistance

Prevalence of Non-responders for Glucose Control Markers after 10 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training in Adult Women with Higher and Lower Insulin Resistance

Effect of interval training in the pre-competition phase on aerobic capacity and peak power in judo contestants at high sports skill level

Effects of 6-Weeks High-Intensity Interval Training in Schoolchildren with Insulin Resistance: Influence of Biological Maturation on Metabolic, Body Composition, Cardiovascular and Performance Non-responses

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