“…So, the four rotors and four images will be modelled, placing three dimensional sources in the same way as the previous section. For the case of a quadrotor with four coplanar rotors with a separation d from each rotor axis to its adjacent rotor axes, the sources of the rotors and its images will be 1,5 : (0, 0, ± ), 2,6 : (0, , ± ), 3,7 : ( , 0, ± ), and 4,8 : ( , , ± ), where , +4 represents the velocity potentials of the rotor and its rotor image ( + 4). Thus, the resultant expression of the increment in thrust due to the ground effect is the following: Figure 4 shows the increment in thrust for a quadrotor due to the ground effect with a dashed line and for a single rotor with a solid line for comparison.…”