Aerial distribution of the root-rot fungus Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cooke in Finland

Kallio, Tauno

doi:10.14214/aff.7541

Cited by 86 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Rotary arm spore collectors are efficient at collecting spores from any fungal species that can be identified using next generation sequencing methods, thus making it possible to study multiple tree disease fungi simultaneously. Kallio (1970) demonstrated that 99.9% of Heterobasidion basidiospores were deposited within 100 m from the fruiting body. Our model shows a similar decrease in the number of basidiospores with an increase in distance from the infected plantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 5 km, the number of basidiospores deposited on a 30-cm stump was 0.22, a value similar to those found at 25 km and 140 km. Since a single Heterobasidion basidiospore might travel as far as 500 km (Kallio 1970), this may represent the background basidiospore load resulting from long-distance dispersal. While it is not known the basidiospore threshold required to trigger an infection on a freshly cut stump, it is unlikely that local basidiospores can be an added risk of infection more than 5 km away.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only very small sporophores were visible in the plantation at that time. Even though conidia were reported to be more resistant than basidiospores to ultraviolet light and high temperatures (Kallio 1970), the aerial dissemination range and seasonal production of conidia is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, the probability of infection on a freshly cut stump can be as high as 100% in many countries (Vollbrecht et al 1995). While the basidiospores responsible for past infections in Québec were most likely caused by long-distance dispersal (up to 500 km; Kallio (1970), basidiospores from local infected plantations most probably play an important role in future infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

BérubéJean

PotvinAmélie

StewartDonald

2017

The Forestry Chronicle

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Heterobasidion irregulare is a basidiomyceteous forest pathogenic fungus which causes a root disease capable of killing large trees. Infection probability is proportional to the density of aerial basidiospores infecting freshly cut stumps. The purpose of this study was to quantify for the first time H. irregulare aerial basidiospore density in southern Québec and to determine the importance of a local basidiospore load from a nearby infested plantation. Spore counts from automated rotary arm spore collectors were assayed using a ribosomal ITS TaqMan real-time PCR detection assay. Cumulative basidiospore deposits on a 30-cm stump were estimated to be highest in the infected plantation with 2.37 basidiospores per stump, with decreasing count of 0.52 basidiospores at a 500-m distance and 0.46 basidiospores at a 1.5-km distance. At 5 km from the infected plantation, the number of basidiospores deposited on a stump was 0.22, a value similar to those at distances of 25 and 140 km. Since a single Heterobasidion basidiospore may travel as far as 500 km, the level detected at 5 km may represent the background basidiospore load resulting from long-distance dispersal, and basidiospores from a nearby infected plantation are unlikely to be an added risk of infection to plantations located more than 5 km away. Long distance aerial basidiospore dispersal will remain for now the most important constant source of infectious H. irregulare in Québec. Despite the very low risk level per stump in this study, the large number of trees thinned annually warrants that stump treatment with Rotstop® C is still the best strategy, especially in valuable plantations.Key words: basidiomycetes, basidiospore deposition, biological control, forest pathology, ribosomal ITS, root rot, Rotstop RÉSUMÉHeterobasidion irregulare est un champignon pathogène forestier capable de tuer des arbres de grand diamètre et le risque d'infection est proportionnel à la quantité de basidiospores aériennes qui se déposeront sur les souches des pins rouges fraîchement coupées. Le but de cette étude était de quantifier pour la première fois la densité de basidiospores aériennes dans le sud du Québec et déterminer l'importance de basidiospores locales provenant d'une plantation infectée située à proximité. Le comptage des basidiospores capturées par un collecteur à bras rotatif s' est fait à l'aide de PCR en temps réel avec des sondes TaqMan visant l'ITS de l' ADN ribosomique. Le compte cumulatif de basidiospores sur une souche de 30 cm était maximal, soit 2,37 basidiospores par souche, dans la plantation infectée, suivi de 0,52 basidiospores à 500 m de distance et de 0,46 basidiospores à 1,5 km. À 5 km de la plantation infectée, le nombre cumulatif de basidiospores était de 0,22, une valeur semblable à celles se trouvant à 25 et 140 km. Puisque les basidiospores de Heterobasidion sont reconnues pour voyager sur des distances allant jusqu'à 500 km, le nombre cumulatif de basidiospores à 5 km peut être considéré comme le niveau basal résultant de la propagation ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

BérubéJean

PotvinAmélie

StewartDonald

2017

The Forestry Chronicle

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show abstract

“…Spore abundance of Heterobasidion spp. varies with the height above ground (Kallio 1970), and the microclimate on the stump surface, affecting spore germination and growth, might also be influenced by stump height. Furthermore, the tapering of trees could lead to smaller stump area being exposed to basidiospores if trees are cut higher up the stem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control efficacy of stump treatment and influence of stump height on natural spore infection by Heterobasidion spp. of precommercial thinning stumps of Norway spruce and birch

Gunulf¹,

Carthy²,

Rönnberg³

2012

Silva Fenn.

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An alternative precommercial thinning technique results in trees being cut higher up the stem compared to the normal method using a brush saw. The aims of this study were to investigate if primary infection of Heterobasidion spp. on precommercial thinning stumps of Norway spruce and birch is influenced by stump height and to test the control efficacy of stump treatment with Phlebiopsis gigantea on precommercial thinning stumps of Norway spruce. Small Norway spruce and birch trees were felled on five sites in southern Sweden and their stumps subjected to natural spore infection. For each species, two treatments of stump height were created: 15 and 100 cm. Half of the Norway spruce stumps were treated with P. gigantea. After two months, 896 stumps were sampled and infection by Heterobasidion spp. was quantified. The height of stumps did not significantly influence infection frequency or size of infection on either tree species. Untreated Norway spruce stumps had an infection frequency of 55% while 31% of the treated stumps were infected. The control efficacy of stump treatment in terms of reduced relative infected area was 61-65%. The area occupied by Heterobasidion spp. on birch stumps was generally small, on average 0.4 cm 2 per infected stump, although 15% of the stumps were infected. The risk of primary infection in Norway spruce dominated stands should be considered when precommercial thinning is conducted but the control efficacy and economy of stump treatment warrants further investigation before practical recommendations can be made.

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Does temperature regime govern the establishment of Heterobasidion annosum in Scandinavia?

Witzell

Berglund²,

Rönnberg

2010

Int J Biometeorol

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We explored the reasons underlying the biogeographic distribution patterns of the economically important, wood-rotting basidiomycete Heterobasidion annosum in Sweden. Despite the commonness of suitable host trees, Heterobasidion annosum has not been recorded in the north of Sweden, whereas its relative, H. parviporum, is present throughout the country. To test the hypothesis that H. annosum has not spread to the north because of the effect of climate, mainly differences in the general temperature regime, we inoculated Norway spruce stumps and standing trees with H. annosum and H. parviporum at six field sites, three in the south and three in the north of Sweden. Three strains of both species were used in random combinations, so that each selected stump and tree was inoculated with both species at the same time. At 2 and 10 months after the inoculations, we compared the frequencies of detection of H. annosum and H. parviporum colonies at different distances from inoculation points in the stumps and in trees. The H. annosum colonies were detected only infrequently on disks cut from the inoculated stumps (0-4% of re-isolations) in both areas, whereas H. parviporum was detected much more frequently (26-47% of re-isolations). In standing trees, colonies belonging to H. annosum could be detected up to 210 cm (south) and 80 cm (north) and those belonging to H. parviporum up to 210 cm (south) and 140 cm (north) above the inoculation points. Our results suggest that difference in temperature regime does not provide an explanation for the distribution limit of H. annosum.

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Aerial distribution of the root-rot fungus Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cooke in Finland

Cited by 86 publications

References 13 publications

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

Control efficacy of stump treatment and influence of stump height on natural spore infection by Heterobasidion spp. of precommercial thinning stumps of Norway spruce and birch

Does temperature regime govern the establishment of Heterobasidion annosum in Scandinavia?

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