Aerial Dispersal of Pathogens on the Global and Continental Scales and Its Impact on Plant Disease

Brown, J. K. M.; Hovmøller, Mogens S.

doi:10.1126/science.1072678

Cited by 1,022 publications

(747 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It could be concluded that a low number of recovered isolates show pathogenicity, but we must bear in mind that, in many cases, the introduction of new fungal pathogens has been evidenced to be airborne rather than carried by people or plants or plant products [5]. Most of these involved rust (with strong spores against environmental damage).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the microbiological point of view, its effects have been studied for certain genera, including several foliar pathogens such as rusts, powdery mildew, etc., but rarely for soil-borne pathogens [5]. This study attempts (1) to determine possible new sources of inoculum of Fusarium species by studying both rainwater and atmospheric settling dust collected in Almeria, Spain, and (2) to determine their pathogenicity by studying the effect of the recovered Fusarium strains on damping off in seedlings of the two main species cultivated in the area: tomato and melon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal microbiota from rain water and pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from atmospheric dust and rainfall dust

Llamas

Rodríguez

Cara

et al. 2010

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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In order to determine the presence of Fusarium spp. in atmospheric dust and rainfall dust, samples were collected during September 2007, and July, August, and October 2008. The results reveal the prevalence of airborne Fusarium species coming from the atmosphere of the South East coast of Spain. Five different Fusarium species were isolated from the settling dust: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. dimerum, and F. proliferatum. Moreover, rainwater samples were obtained during significant rainfall events in January and February 2009. Using the dilution-plate method, 12 fungal genera were identified from these rainwater samples. Specific analyses of the rainwater revealed the presence of three species of Fusarium: F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. equiseti. A total of 57 isolates of Fusarium spp. obtained from both rainwater and atmospheric rainfall dust sampling were inoculated onto melon (Cucumis meló L.) cv. Piñonet and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. San Pedro. These species were chosen because they are the main herbaceous crops in Almeria province. The results presented in this work indicate strongly that spores or propagules of Fusarium are able to cross the continental barrier carried by winds from the Sahara (Africa) to crop or coastal lands in Europe. Results show differences in the pathogenicity of the isolates tested. Both hosts showed root rot when inoculated with different species of Fusarium, although fresh weight measurements did not bring any information about the pathogenicity. The findings presented above are strong indications that long-distance transmission of Fusarium propagules may occur. Diseases caused by species of Fusarium are common in these areas. They were in the past, and are still today, a problem for greenhouses crops in Almeria, and many species have been listed as pathogens on agricultural crops in this region. Saharan air masses dominate the Mediterranean regions. The evidence of long distance dispersal of Fusarium spp. by atmospheric dust and rainwater together with their proved pathogenicity must be taken into account in epidemiological studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal microbiota from rain water and pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from atmospheric dust and rainfall dust

Llamas

Rodríguez

Cara

et al. 2010

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Long-distance dispersal is a common trait in fungi that disperse via air or water and is wellstudied for plant pathogenic fungi (Brown & Hovmøller, 2002). Human activity and movement of plant materials is also commonly implicated in the dispersal of fungi and has resulted in the spread of devastating pathogens between countries and continents (Brown & Hovmøller, 2002;Wingfield et al, 2001;2010).…”

Section: Long-distance Dispersal Between Distant K Proteae Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human activity and movement of plant materials is also commonly implicated in the dispersal of fungi and has resulted in the spread of devastating pathogens between countries and continents (Brown & Hovmøller, 2002;Wingfield et al, 2001;2010). Examples of migration at an intercontinental or even global scale are available for lichen-forming (Buschbom, 2007), saprobic (Moncalvo & Buchanan, 2008), ectomycorrhizal (Moyersoen et al, 2003) and marine fungi (Pang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Long-distance Dispersal Between Distant K Proteae Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-distance dispersal and recolonization of a fire-destroyed niche by a mite-associated fungus

et al. 2015

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The Fynbos Biome in the Core Cape Subregion of South Africa is prone to recurrent fires that can clear vast areas of vegetation. Between periods of fire, ophiostomatoid fungi colonize the fruiting structures of serotinous Protea species through arthropod-mediated dispersal. Using microsatellite markers, this study considered the process whereby a Protea-associated ophiostomatoid fungus, Knoxdaviesia proteae, recolonizes a burnt area. The genetic diversity, composition and structure of fungal populations from young P. repens plants in a recently burnt area were compared to populations from the adjacent, unburnt Protea population. The only difference between K. proteae populations from the two areas was found in the number of private alleles, which was significantly higher in the unburnt population. The population structure, although weak, indicated that most K. proteae 1 individuals from recently burnt areas originated from the unburnt population. However, individuals from unsampled source populations were also detected. This, together with the lack of isolation-by-distance across the landscape, suggested that long-distance dispersal is important for K. proteae to recolonize burnt areas. Similarly, the high level of gene flow and low differentiation observed between two distantly separated K. proteae populations also supported the existence of long-distance dispersal. The genetic cohesiveness of populations over long distances and the genetic diversity within populations could be attributed to frequent multiple fungal migration events mediated primarily by arthropods but, potentially, also by birds.

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“…It is well known that ongoing deployment of the same resistance gene directionally selects for infective individuals in pathogen populations (Brown, 2015; Brown & Hovmøller, 2002; Van de Wouw, Howlett, & Idnurm, 2017). Here, “infectivity” is defined as the qualitative ability to infect a resistant host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio‐temporal connectivity and host resistance influence evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of the canola pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans

Bousset

Sprague

Thrall

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Genetic, physiological and physical homogenization of agricultural landscapes creates ideal environments for plant pathogens to proliferate and rapidly evolve. Thus, a critical challenge in plant pathology and epidemiology is to design durable and effective strategies to protect cropping systems from damage caused by pathogens. Theoretical studies suggest that spatio‐temporal variation in the diversity and distribution of resistant hosts across agricultural landscapes may have strong effects on the epidemiology and evolutionary potential of crop pathogens. However, we lack empirical tests of spatio‐temporal deployment of host resistance to pathogens can be best used to manage disease epidemics and disrupt pathogen evolutionary dynamics in real‐world systems. In a field experiment, we simulated how differences in Brassica napus resistance deployment strategies and landscape connectivity influence epidemic severity and Leptosphaeria maculans pathogen population composition. Host plant resistance, spatio‐temporal connectivity [stubble loads], and genetic connectivity of the inoculum source [composition of canola stubble mixtures] jointly impacted epidemiology (disease severity) and pathogen evolution (population composition). Changes in population composition were consistent with directional selection for the ability to infect the host (infectivity), leading to changes in pathotype (multilocus phenotypes) and infectivity frequencies. We repeatedly observed decreases in the frequency of unnecessary infectivity, suggesting that carrying multiple infectivity genes is costly for the pathogen. From an applied perspective, our results indicate that varying resistance genes in space and time can be used to help control disease, even when resistance has already been overcome. Furthermore, our approach extends our ability to test not only for the efficacy of host varieties in a given year, but also for durability over multiple cropping seasons, given variation in the combination of resistance genes deployed.

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Aerial Dispersal of Pathogens on the Global and Continental Scales and Its Impact on Plant Disease

Cited by 1,022 publications

References 42 publications

Fungal microbiota from rain water and pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from atmospheric dust and rainfall dust

Fungal microbiota from rain water and pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from atmospheric dust and rainfall dust

Long-distance dispersal and recolonization of a fire-destroyed niche by a mite-associated fungus

Spatio‐temporal connectivity and host resistance influence evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of the canola pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans

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