Aeration of Liquid‐Liquid Systems Using Various Agitators in a Mixer Equipped with a Membrane Diffuser

Szaferski, Waldemar; Mitkowski, Piotr Tomasz

doi:10.1002/ceat.201500248

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…PBDown starts by following a similar trend to PBup until Re over 40,000, after which a downward trend similar to RT and RTpitched occurs that is again accompanied by gas induction. As expected from the literature reports, , the gas-inducing variants RTgas, RTgasL, and PBupgas show a decreased Ne compared to their nongassing counterparts once the rotational speed is sufficiently high to initiate the gas induction. This is marked by a distinct drop in Ne .…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Applications that include a gas phase are mostly reduced to the gas phase being air at atmospheric pressure and thus the influence of pressure as well as the effect of dissolved gases such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide is not covered. It is further known that gas induction has a negative effect on mixingregardless of whether it was achieved by vortex formation or aerationreducing the energy input of the stirrer significantly. − This is rarely addressed, especially if both GL and LL mixing is important at the same time. In addition, the inhomogeneity within the vessel of the droplet sizes of lean surfactant-free systems is rarely addressed and the probe is mostly placed close to the stirrer only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Droplet Sizes Generated by 3D-Printed Stirrers in a Lean Gas–Liquid–Liquid System Using Borescopy

Schrimpf

Graefe

Vorholt

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Photo-optical probes with automated image analysis are among the most promising measurement techniques for gas−liquid− liquid systems, but the literature on the application in lean water-in-oil dispersions is scarce. Taking water-in-1-octene as a model system, adhering droplets that severely cloud the images are successfully prevented using a polymeric disc made of polycarbonate or fluorinated ethylene propylene. Sharp bright-field imaging is enabled using a neither fully diffuse nor specular reflection pane. Various 3D-printed stirrers are characterized by their energy input, including gas-inducing modifications. Gas induction impairs the energy input of the stirrer and the imaging of droplets. Nevertheless, the measurement technique reliably provides droplet size distributions that exclude gas bubbles. Axial stirrers are preferable if one position at high stirring speeds is measured, as the homogeneity of droplet sizes along the reactor height is promoted. Radial stirrers are preferable if the stirring speed is varied, as the same trend of the droplets sizes is measurable along the reactor height. For radial stirring, the most beneficial position of the probe is close or slightly above the stirrer. The use of borescopy is thus found to be feasible if adhering droplets can be prevented and vision on droplets is not obstructed by too many bubbles.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%