Aeration affects acetate destination in Gibberella fujikuroi

Giordano, Walter; Domenech, Carlos E.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08784.x

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…a Reference injection; b sample injection viscosity because of the short length of its mycelium and an increased gibberellin yield. Giordano and Domench [10] have described how oxygen availability causes differences in the biosynthesis of fats, pigments and gibberellins by G. fujikuroi. They reported that increased oxygen transfer increased the biosynthesis of gibberellins by G. fujikuroi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced production of gibberellin A4 (GA4) by a mutant of Gibberella fujikuroi in wheat gluten medium

Lale¹,

Gadre²

2009

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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Mutants of Gibberella fujikuroi with different colony characteristics, morphology and pigmentation were generated by exposure to UV radiation. A mutant, Mor-189, was selected based on its short filament length, relatively high gibberellin A(4) (GA(4)) and gibberellin A(3) (GA(3)) production, as well as its lack of pigmentation. Production of GA(4) by Mor-189 was studied using different inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, carbon sources and by maintaining the pH of the fermentation medium using calcium carbonate. Analysis of GA(4) and GA(3) was done by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and LC-MS. The mutants of G. fujikuroi produced more GA(4) when the pH of the medium was maintained above 5. During shake flask studies, the mutant Mor-189 produced 210 mg l(-1) GA(4) in media containing wheat gluten as the nitrogen source and glucose as the carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation in a 14 l agitated fermenter was performed to evaluate the applicability of the mutant Mor-189 for the production of GA(4). In 7-day fed-batch fermentation, 600 mg l(-1) GA(4) were obtained in the culture filtrate. The concentration of GA(4) and GA(3) combined was 713 mg l(-1), of which GA(4) accounted for 84% of the total gibberellin. These values are substantially higher than those published previously. The present study indicated that, along with maintenance of pH and controlled glucose feeding, the use of wheat gluten as the sole nitrogen source considerably enhances GA(4) production by the mutant Mor-189.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of GA 3 by G. fujikuroi is strongly influenced by dissolved oxygen [10], the type of nitrogen source, the carbon source and the pH of the fermentation medium [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced production of gibberellin A4 (GA4) by a mutant of Gibberella fujikuroi in wheat gluten medium

Lale¹,

Gadre²

2009

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Of all environmental factors, the quality and quantity of the nitrogen source used in the growth media have a special effect not only on growth and differentiation, but also on the biosynthesis of many known fungal SMs, e.g., production of sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin in different Aspergillus species ( Chang et al, 1995 ; Feng and Leonard, 1998 ; Calvo et al, 2002 ; Ehrlich and Cotty, 2002 ), gibberellin (GA; Jefferys, 1970 ; Giordano and Domenech, 1999 ), fusarubin ( Studt et al, 2012 ), bikaverin ( Wiemann et al, 2009 ), fusaric acid ( Niehaus et al, 2014a ), and fusarin ( Díaz-Sánchez et al, 2012 ; Niehaus et al, 2013 ) in Fusarium fujikuroi , fumonisin in F. verticillioides ( Kim and Woloshuk, 2008 ), or cephalosporin, penicillin, and patulin in Acremonium chrysogenum , Penicillium chrysogenum , and P. urticae , respectively ( Rollins and Gaucher, 1994 ; Haas and Marzluf, 1995 ; Li et al, 2013 ). An overview of fungal SMs whose biosynthesis is affected by nitrogen availability is given in Table 1 .…”

Section: Regulation Of Secondary Metabolism By Nitrogen Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen regulation of fungal secondary metabolism in fungi

Tudzynski¹

2014

Front. Microbiol.

230

177

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Fungi occupy diverse environments where they are constantly challenged by stressors such as extreme pH, temperature, UV exposure, and nutrient deprivation. Nitrogen is an essential requirement for growth, and the ability to metabolize a wide variety of nitrogen sources enables fungi to colonize different environmental niches and survive nutrient limitations. Favored nitrogen sources, particularly ammonium and glutamine, are used preferentially, while the expression of genes required for the use of various secondary nitrogen sources is subject to a regulatory mechanism called nitrogen metabolite repression. Studies on gene regulation in response to nitrogen availability were carried out first in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans, and Neurospora crassa. These studies revealed that fungi respond to changes in nitrogen availability with physiological and morphological alterations and activation of differentiation processes. In all fungal species studied, the major GATA transcription factor AreA and its co-repressor Nmr are central players of the nitrogen regulatory network. In addition to growth and development, the quality and quantity of nitrogen also affects the formation of a broad range of secondary metabolites (SMs). Recent studies, mainly on species of the genus Fusarium, revealed that AreA does not only regulate a large set of nitrogen catabolic genes, but can also be involved in regulating production of SMs. Furthermore, several other regulators, e.g., a second GATA transcription factor, AreB, that was proposed to negatively control nitrogen catabolic genes by competing with AreA for binding to GATA elements, was shown to act as activator of some nitrogen-repressed as well as nitrogen-induced SM gene clusters. This review highlights our latest understanding of canonical (AreA-dependent) and non-canonical nitrogen regulation mechanisms by which fungi may regulate biosynthesis of certain SMs in response to nitrogen availability.

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“…The optimal production was found at 30°C, a temperature above the optimal for growth [150]. In contrast to gibberellin and bikaverin production, fusarins are produced preferentially under low aeration [168].…”

Section: Relation Between the Synthesis Of Gibberellins And Polyketidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins and Other Metabolites of Fusarium fujikuroi and Related Fungi

Ávalos¹,

Cerdá‐Olmedo²,

Reyes³

et al. 2007

COC

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The rich metabolism of the fungal strains, now classified as Fusarium fujikuroi and related species covers the production of many secondary products, including different terpenoids and polyketides. Research has concentrated on the gibberellins, growth-promoting plant hormones with multiple applications in agriculture and brewing. The long list of secondary metabolites includes pigments such as carotenoids and bikaverins, mycotoxins such as fusarins and fumonisins and a diversity of other compounds, many of them still being unidentified. This review describes the chemical structures of the secondary metabolites identified in these fungi, with special attention to the terpenoids and particularly to the gibberellins, and summarizes knowledge on the biosynthesis of gibberellins, its regulation and its relation to those of other metabolites.

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Aeration affects acetate destination in Gibberella fujikuroi

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Enhanced production of gibberellin A4 (GA4) by a mutant of Gibberella fujikuroi in wheat gluten medium

Enhanced production of gibberellin A4 (GA4) by a mutant of Gibberella fujikuroi in wheat gluten medium

Nitrogen regulation of fungal secondary metabolism in fungi

Gibberellins and Other Metabolites of Fusarium fujikuroi and Related Fungi

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