Aegyptianella: An Appraisal of Species, Systematics, Avian Hosts, Distribution, and Developmental Biology in Vertebrates and Vectors and Epidemiology

Gothe, R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2910-0_3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The fact that Anaplasmataceae -like cytoplasmic inclusions have also been recorded in the erythrocytes of numerous other avian species (e.g. doves, cranes, kites, pheasants, psittacines and passerines) [ 13 , 31 – 33 ] suggests that other species of avian-infecting Anaplasmataceae may exist but have yet to be described. This seems particularly plausible in the case of the intraerythrocytic inclusions originally described as “ Aegyptianella botuliformis ” [ 31 ] and “ Aegyptianella minutus ” [ 32 ], both of which produce erythrocytic inclusions that are morphologically distinct from those traditionally attributed to Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, cytoplasmic inclusions observed in the erythrocytes of birds have been traditionally attributed to members of the genus Aegyptianella . Currently the only recognized species of Aegyptianella is the avian-infecting Aegyptianella pullorum [ 13 , 14 ], and the validity of other proposed Aegyptianella spp. remains unclear and the genus has been considered incertae sedis [ 1 , 13 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently the only recognized species of Aegyptianella is the avian-infecting Aegyptianella pullorum [ 13 , 14 ], and the validity of other proposed Aegyptianella spp. remains unclear and the genus has been considered incertae sedis [ 1 , 13 , 15 ]. Aegyptianella pullorum infects the cytoplasm of erythrocytes forming pleomorphic inclusions with a diameter ranging between 0.3–4.0 μm, and has been demonstrated to infect chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese and quails [ 13 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…remains unclear and the genus has been considered incertae sedis [ 1 , 13 , 15 ]. Aegyptianella pullorum infects the cytoplasm of erythrocytes forming pleomorphic inclusions with a diameter ranging between 0.3–4.0 μm, and has been demonstrated to infect chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese and quails [ 13 , 16 , 17 ]. A previous genetic study revealed that Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel candidate species of Anaplasma that infects avian erythrocytes

Vanstreels

Yabsley

Parsons³

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundAnaplasma spp. are Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria transmitted by ticks. Even though numerous studies have detected DNA from Anaplasma spp. in the blood of birds, thus far mammals were the only vertebrates demonstrated to serve as competent hosts to these organisms. We report a novel candidate species of Anasplasma that was associated with cytoplasmic inclusions in the erythrocytes of an African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) in South Africa.MethodsCytoplasmic inclusions were morphologically characterized from freshly-produced blood smears, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and groEL genes were used to evaluate the evolutionary relationships of the organism to other Anaplasmataceae.ResultsDark-purple round or oval inclusions consistent with Anaplasmataceae morulae were observed in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes. Phylogenetic trees produced using different methods agreed that the organism detected in this study belongs to the genus Anaplasma, and suggested that it is most closely related to the cluster comprising A. centrale, A. capra, A. marginale and A. ovis. We propose provisionally naming the strain detected in this study as “Candidatus Anaplasma sphenisci”.ConclusionsThis is the first species of Anaplasma shown to produce cytoplasmic inclusions in avian cells, opening the possibility that cytoplasmic inclusions in avian erythrocytes that had previously been attributed to Aegyptianella sp. might in fact correspond to Anaplasma. Further studies on the molecular biology of avian-infecting Anaplasmataceae will be valuable to provide insight into the evolution and epidemiology of these organisms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3089-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A novel candidate species of Anaplasma that infects avian erythrocytes

Vanstreels

Yabsley

Parsons³

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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“…The species occurs commonly in peasant‐type fowl runs and adjacent trees and is the most important ectoparasite of fowl. It causes considerable economic losses, especially where it transmits Aegyptianella pullorum Carpano and Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff) (Gothe, 1992a, b). In addition, larvae secrete a neurotoxin during feeding, frequently resulting in fatal paralysis (Gothe, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and structural organization of Gene's organ in Argas walkerae

Schöl¹,

Edelmann²,

Göbel³

et al. 2001

Medical Vet Entomology

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Electron microscopy revealed that Gene's organ in females of Argas walkerae Kaiser & Hoogstraal (Ixodida: Argasidae) is formed as a double-sac structure consisting of an outer epithelial and an inner cuticular sac. The latter emerges through the camerostomal aperture to the exterior in ovipositing ticks. The epithelial sac forms the corpus and the two blind-ending horns, which pass into the epithelium of the excretory duct of a gland at each side of Gene's organ and envelop the cuticular sac. Both excretory ducts open into the lumen between the epithelial and the cuticular sac. The cuticular sac is folded and consists of a fibrous endocuticula outwards towards the lumen between the epithelial and the cuticular sac and of a smooth epicuticula inwards. Parallel running grooves occur over the lateral epicuticular surface turning medially into cobble-stone pavement-like rises. Tubuli pass through the cuticular sac ending in pores on the epicuticular surface and open into the lumen between the epithelial and the cuticular sac. Muscle fibres pass through the epithelial sac at the horn tips and are inserted to the cuticular sac. In ovipositing females, the glands are fully developed and the lumen between the epithelial and the cuticular sac is filled with an amorphous mass.

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Parasites of Birds

Morishita¹,

Schaul²

2007

Flynn's Parasites of Laboratory Animals

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Aegyptianella: An Appraisal of Species, Systematics, Avian Hosts, Distribution, and Developmental Biology in Vertebrates and Vectors and Epidemiology

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

A novel candidate species of Anaplasma that infects avian erythrocytes

A novel candidate species of Anaplasma that infects avian erythrocytes

Morphology and structural organization of Gene's organ in Argas walkerae

Parasites of Birds

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