Aegle marmelos Leaf Extract Phytochemical Analysis, Cytotoxicity, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities

Abstract

For many years, Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) has been used medicinally and as a dietary supplement. Despite this, there are minimal research data on A. marmelos phytochemical properties and pharmacological effects. This study aimed to explore the phytoconstituents, cytotoxicity, glucose uptake, and antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of an alcoholic extract of A. marmelos leaf. The cytotoxicity of A. marmelos in HepG2 cells was tested in vitro, and the results revealed that it has strong cytocompatibility and cytoprotective properties. The extract’s antioxidant activities were investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Antioxidant potential was shown to be quite impressive. The enzymes α-amylase and α-glycosidase were found to be substantially inhibited by A. marmelos, with IC50 values of 46.21 and 42.07 mg/mL, respectively. In HepG2 cells, A. marmelos significantly reduced ROS levels that were elevated due to high glucose and enhanced glucose consumption (p < 0.05). These activities might be due to the enrichment of bioactive phytoconstituents analyzed chromatographically using GC/MS and HPLC. The findings of this study show that A. marmelos could be an effective restorative therapy for diabetes and related diseases.

Hypoglycemic Activity of Plant-Derived Traditional Preparations Associated with Surinamese from African, Hindustani, Javanese, and Chinese Origin: Potential Efficacy in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

“…The hypoglycemic activities have been associated with marked antioxidant effects including a decrease in oxidative stress that manifested as a decrease in lipid peroxidation, an increase in the activity of cellular antioxidant mechanisms [128][129][130], and the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells [126]. These observations are in accordance with the notable antioxidant activity of A. marmelos leaf extracts in a DPPH free radicalscavenging assay and a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay [131,132] as well as in HepG2 cells cultured under glucose-rich conditions [132].…”

Phytochemical and Biological Review of Aegle Marmelos Linn

“…The physiologically active essential oils produced by the Rutaceae family are widely known and found in many family members, as well as its ornamental and culinary herbs, which include orange, lime, lemon, grapes, and satinwood [ 8 ]. Several studies have found various plant substances, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and coumarins [ 9 ]. Plants in the Rutaceae family contain high amounts of coumarins, like Marmelosin and Luvangetin, which have antihelminthic, antiulcer, antibacterial and antispasmodic activity.…”

“…The alcoholic extract of A. marmelos leaves significantly inhibited the enzymes α-amylase and α-glycosidase with IC 50 values of 46.21 and 42.07 μg/ml, respectively. A. marmelos significantly reduced ROS levels that were elevated due to high glucose and enhanced glucose consumption in HepG2 cells (p < 0.05) [ 9 ].…”

Pharmacological and Clinical Efficacy of Picrorhiza kurroa and Its Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review

“…The development of hypoglycemic medications, diabetes, and its associated consequences continue to be a significant concern in medicine. Diabetes can be managed with the help of several medicinal plants [ 156 , 157 ]. A study found that P. kurroa extract could eliminate oxygen free radicals such as superoxides and hydroxyl radicals and stop lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate caused by the Fe 2+ ascorbate system [ 158 ].…”