Aedes aegypti in Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam): susceptibility to dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation

Tien, Tran Khanh; Vazeille-Falcoz, M; Mousson, Laurence; Hoang, Tran Huu; Rodhain, F; Hương, Nguyễn Thị; Failloux, Anna‐Bella

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90056-1

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…aegypti named ‘Paea’ (collected in 1994 in Tahiti, French Polynesia) was used as a mobility control for isoenzyme polymorphism (Paupy et al. 2000; Tien et al. 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and temporal genetic patterns of Aedes aegypti populations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Costa-Ribeiro

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira

Failloux

2006

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summary Rio de Janeiro is considered as the most important entry point for dengue viruses in Brazil. Using isoenzyme markers, we investigated the genetic structure of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti sampled at three‐month intervals in 14 districts in Rio de Janeiro from December 2002 to December 2003. We detected high levels of genetic differentiation (i.e. high FST values and significant P values), which tended to persist throughout the year. The species does not take advantage of routes and railways to disperse. Genetic structuring was higher in the rainy season, suggesting low dispersion of Ae. aegypti at this time of year when all dengue epidemics have been reported in the city.

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“…aegypti named ‘Paea’ (collected in 1994 in Tahiti, French Polynesia) was used as a mobility control for isoenzyme polymorphism (Paupy et al. 2000; Tien et al. 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and temporal genetic patterns of Aedes aegypti populations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Costa-Ribeiro

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira

Failloux

2006

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…An understanding of genetic population structure and gene flow in Ae. aegypti is therefore of particular importance as this information is required for vector control [ 44 - 46 ]. The presence of Numts in Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial pseudogenes in the nuclear genome of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes: implications for past and future population genetic studies

et al. 2009

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BackgroundMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is widely used in population genetic and phylogenetic studies in animals. However, such studies can generate misleading results if the species concerned contain nuclear copies of mtDNA (Numts) as these may amplify in addition to, or even instead of, the authentic target mtDNA. The aim of this study was to determine if Numts are present in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, to characterise any Numts detected, and to assess the utility of using mtDNA for population genetics studies in this species.ResultsBLAST searches revealed large numbers of Numts in the Ae. aegypti nuclear genome on 146 supercontigs. Although the majority are short (80% < 300 bp), some Numts are almost full length mtDNA copies. These long Numts are not due to misassembly of the nuclear genome sequence as the Numt-nuclear genome junctions could be recovered by amplification and sequencing. Numt evolution appears to be a complex process in Ae. aegypti with ongoing genomic integration, fragmentation and mutation and the secondary movement of Numts within the nuclear genome.The PCR amplification of the putative mtDNA nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) gene from 166 Southeast Asian Ae. aegypti mosquitoes generated a network with two highly divergent lineages (clade 1 and clade 2). Approximately 15% of the ND4 sequences were a composite of those from each clade indicating Numt amplification in addition to, or instead of, mtDNA. Clade 1 was shown to be composed at least partially of Numts by the removal of clade 1-specific bases from composite sequences following enrichment of the mtDNA. It is possible that all the clade 1 sequences in the network were Numts since the clade 2 sequences correspond to the known mitochondrial genome sequence and since all the individuals that produced clade 1 sequences were also found to contain clade 2 mtDNA-like sequences using clade 2-specific primers. However, either or both sets of clade sequences could have Numts since the BLAST searches revealed two long Numts that match clade 2 and one long Numt that matches clade 1. The substantial numbers of mutations in cloned ND4 PCR products also suggest there are both recently-derived clade 1 and clade 2 Numt sequences.ConclusionWe conclude that Numts are prevalent in Ae. aegypti and that it is difficult to distinguish mtDNA sequences due to the presence of recently formed Numts. Given this, future population genetic or phylogenetic studies in Ae. aegypti should use nuclear, rather than mtDNA, markers.

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“…Although the genetic differentiation among populations of X. cheopis is not associated with morphological differences, genetic differences might affect vector competence or resistance to pathogens [64] and therefore impact on disease transmission. Correlation between genetic structure of the insect vector and heterogeneity of vector competence has been reported for other disease-vector systems, for example Aedes albopictus (insect vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses) [65–67]. Interestingly, Tsiroanomandidy and Ambondromisotra, where cluster 3 occurs, are ‘plague focus’ areas where outbreaks occur every year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Genetic structure and gene flow of the flea Xenopsylla cheopis in Madagascar and Mayotte

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe flea Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) is a vector of plague. Despite this insect’s medical importance, especially in Madagascar where plague is endemic, little is known about the organization of its natural populations. We undertook population genetic analyses (i) to determine the spatial genetic structure of X. cheopis in Madagascar and (ii) to determine the potential risk of plague introduction in the neighboring island of Mayotte.ResultsWe genotyped 205 fleas from 12 sites using nine microsatellite markers. Madagascan populations of X. cheopis differed, with the mean number of alleles per locus per population ranging from 1.78 to 4.44 and with moderate to high levels of genetic differentiation between populations. Three distinct genetic clusters were identified, with different geographical distributions but with some apparent gene flow between both islands and within Malagasy regions. The approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) used to test the predominant direction of flea dispersal implied a recent population introduction from Mayotte to Madagascar, which was estimated to have occurred between 1993 and 2012. The impact of this flea introduction in terms of plague transmission in Madagascar is unclear, but the low level of flea exchange between the two islands seems to keep Mayotte free of plague for now.ConclusionThis study highlights the occurrence of genetic structure among populations of the flea vector of plague, X. cheopis, in Madagascar and suggests that a flea population from Mayotte has been introduced to Madagascar recently. As plague has not been reported in Mayotte, this introduction is unlikely to present a major concern for plague transmission. Nonetheless, evidence of connectivity among flea populations in the two islands indicates a possibility for dispersal by fleas in the opposite direction and thus a risk of plague introduction to Mayotte.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2290-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Aedes aegypti in Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam): susceptibility to dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Geographic and temporal genetic patterns of Aedes aegypti populations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Geographic and temporal genetic patterns of Aedes aegypti populations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Mitochondrial pseudogenes in the nuclear genome of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes: implications for past and future population genetic studies

Genetic structure and gene flow of the flea Xenopsylla cheopis in Madagascar and Mayotte

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