Aedes aegypti breeding ecology in Guerrero: cross-sectional study of mosquito breeding sites from the baseline for the Camino Verde trial in Mexico

Abstract

BackgroundUnderstanding the breeding patterns of Aedes aegypti in households and the factors associated with infestation are important for implementing vector control. The baseline survey of a cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention in Mexico and Nicaragua collected information about the containers that are the main breeding sites, identified possible actions to reduce breeding, and examined factors associated with household infestation. This paper describes findings from the Mexican arm of the baseline survey.MethodsIn 2010 field teams conducted household surveys and entomological inspections in 11,995 households from 90 representative communities in the three coastal regions of Guerrero State, Mexico. We characterized Ae. aegypti breeding sites and examined the effect of two preventive measures: temephos application in water containers, and keeping the containers covered. We examined associations with household infestation, using bivariate and multivariate analysis adjusted for clustering effects.ResultsWe conducted entomological inspections in 11,995 households. Among 45,353 water containers examined, 6.5% (2958/45,353) were positive for larvae and/or pupae. Concrete tanks (pilas) and barrels (tambos) together accounted for 74% of pupal productivity. Both covering water containers and inserting temephos were independently associated with a lower risk of presence of larvae or pupae, with the effect of covering (OR 0.22; 95% CIca 0.15–0.27) stronger than that of temephos (OR 0.66; 95% CIca 0.53–0.84). Having more than four water containers was associated with household infestation in both rural areas (OR 1.42; 95% CIca 1.17–1.72) and urban areas (1.81; 1.47–2.25), as was low education of the household head (rural: 1.27; 1.11–1.46, and urban: 1.39; 1.17–1.66). Additional factors in rural areas were: household head without paid work (1.31; 1.08–1.59); being in the Acapulco region (1.91; 1.06–3.44); and using anti-mosquito products (1.27; 1.09–1.47). In urban areas only, presence of temephos was associated with a lower risk of household infestation (0.44; 0.32–0.60).ConclusionConcrete tanks and barrels accounted for the majority of pupal productivity. Covering water containers could be an effective means of Ae. aegypti vector control, with a bigger effect than using temephos. These findings were useful in planning and implementing the Camino Verde trial intervention in Mexico.

Arbovirus Vectors of Epidemiological Concern in the Americas: A Scoping Review of Entomological Studies on Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Vectors

“…Five studies examined the occurrence and correlates of domiciliary and peri-domicilliary mosquito density, including sociodemographic characteristics, container types, and meteorological correlates [73–77]. Specifically, Rodrigues et al [73] and Serpa et al [77] studied Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus , and Favaro et al [74], Morales-Pérez et al [75] and Schafrick et al [76] studied Aedes aegypti . Covered containers [75–77], low education of the household head [75] and higher densities of residents per household [73] were found to be associated with higher risk of infestation.…”

“…Specifically, Rodrigues et al [73] and Serpa et al [77] studied Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus , and Favaro et al [74], Morales-Pérez et al [75] and Schafrick et al [76] studied Aedes aegypti . Covered containers [75–77], low education of the household head [75] and higher densities of residents per household [73] were found to be associated with higher risk of infestation. Two studies reported storm drain characteristics associated with mosquitoe presence: one related to Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus presence [78], and the other to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus [79].…”

Indeks Entomologi dan Sebaran Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Maluku Utara Tahun 2015

“…Kelimpahan nyamuk telah memberikan dampak negatif yang signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup manusia di sekitarnya. 6 Selain itu habitatnya di pemukiman dan habitat stadium pradewasa pada bejana buatan yang berada di dalam ataupun di luar rumah. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku Aedes aegypti meletakkan telurnya antara lain jenis dan warna penampungan air, airnya sendiri, suhu kelembaban, dan kondisi lingkungan setempat.…”

Risk factors for Aedes aegypti household pupal persistence in longitudinal entomological household surveys in urban and rural Kenya

“…The ecology of containers such as the presence of detritus in water, water temperature and surrounding habitat (type of vegetation) increases risk of mosquito infestation [ 21 , 30 – 32 ]. Human behavior and socio-demographic characteristics such as socio-economic status and water management methods further influence risk of infestation by Aedes immatures [ 16 , 29 , 30 , 33 – 35 ].…”

“…Traditionally, determination of the risk of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya disease outbreaks in high risk regions has been based on larval surveillance and Stegomyia indices [14][15][16][17]. However, recent studies have shifted focus to include pupae in the surveillance of Aedes spp.…”