ADynamic Model of Multilingualism

Herdina, Philip; Jessner, Ulrike

doi:10.21832/9781853595547

Cited by 581 publications

(171 citation statements)

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“…Using the value of k provided for G. graminis var. tritici DNA degradation (0.525), the halfdecay time was 1.3 days, although after 24 days, DNA was still detected in soil (40). These data indicate that although DNA is degraded rapidly in soil by microorganisms, by binding to soil particles, it may persist for a period of days to weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Monitoring of Recombinant DNA Entry into Soil from Decomposing Roundup Ready Leaf Biomass

Levy‐Booth

Campbell

Gulden

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Glyphosate-tolerant, Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans account for about 57% of all genetically modified (GM) crops grown worldwide. The entry of recombinant DNA into soil from GM crops has been identified as an environmental concern due to the possibility of their horizontal transfer to soil microorganisms. RR soybeans contain recombinant gene sequences that can be differentiated from wild-type plant and microbial genes in soil by using a sequence-specific molecular beacon and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A molecular beacon-based real-time PCR system to quantify a wild-type soybean lectin ( le1) gene was designed to compare amounts of endogenous soybean genes to recombinant DNA in soil. Microcosm studies were carried out to develop methodologies for the detection of recombinant DNA from RR soybeans in soil. RR soybean leaf litterbags were imbedded in the soil under controlled environmental conditions (60% water holding capacity, 10/15 degrees C, and 8/16 h day/night) for 30 days. The soybean biomass decomposition was described using a single-phase exponential equation, and the DNA concentration in planta and in soil was quantified using real-time PCR using sequence-specific molecular beacons for the recombinant cp4 epsps and endogenous soybean lectin ( le1) genes. The biomass of RR soybean leaves was 8.6% less than nontransgenic (NT) soybean leaves after 30 days. The pooled half-disappearance time for cp4 epsps and le1 in RR and of le1 in NT soybean leaves was 1.4 days. All genes from leaves were detected in soil after 30 days. This study provides a methodology for monitoring the entry of RR and NT soybean DNA into soil from decomposing plant residues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Monitoring of Recombinant DNA Entry into Soil from Decomposing Roundup Ready Leaf Biomass

Levy‐Booth

Campbell

Gulden

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…From a psycholinguistic perspective, the idea of an ultimate level (or in other words, a fixed point of achievement after which development ceases) corresponds neither to real-life situations (cf. the DOI: 10.1057/9781137525901.0007 theoretical model of Herdina & Jessner, 2002) nor to empirical results (cf. the results demonstrating continual lexical development until old age discussed in Ramscar et al, 2014, p. 9).…”

Section: Ultimate Attainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Foreign Language Learning in School

Lambelet¹,

Berthelé²

2015

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“…What's more, environmental influences on language learning and multilingualism are increasingly being incorporated into theoretical papers (e.g. Herdina & Jessner, 2002).…”

Section: Sociocultural Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors include multilanguage aptitude (proposed to be an emergent property of multilingual systems), the language acquisition process (which can be both positive and negative), motivation (the prime factor determining general language effort), perceived language competence (the greater it is, the less effort a learner is going to put into language acquisition), self-esteem and finally anxiety (Herdina & Jessner, 2000, 2002. Changes in one factor will have effects on the entire system, which results in the autodynamic nature of language systems in an individual.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Critical Overview of Research on Third Language Acquisition and Multilingualism Published in the German Language

2004

International Journal of Multilingualism

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ADynamic Model of Multilingualism

Cited by 581 publications

References 1 publication

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Monitoring of Recombinant DNA Entry into Soil from Decomposing Roundup Ready Leaf Biomass

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Monitoring of Recombinant DNA Entry into Soil from Decomposing Roundup Ready Leaf Biomass

Age and Foreign Language Learning in School

A Critical Overview of Research on Third Language Acquisition and Multilingualism Published in the German Language

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