Advertised Foods on Children's Television

Taras, Howard; Gage, Miriam

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170190059010

Cited by 155 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…5 Detailed nutritional analysis of televised food advertisements has identified that up to 90% of food products have a high fat, sugar or salt content. 1,6,7 It would appear that the vast majority of food and drink products targeted at children are promoting the antithesis of a healthy diet and are in direct conflict with national dietary guidelines.…”

Section: What Are Children Watching?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Content analysis of children's television advertising in relation to dental health

Rodd

Patel²

2005

Br Dent J

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This paper provides some disturbing facts and figures about the amount of television being watched by children. In addition, it reports on the volume and type of television advertising aimed at young people, both in the United Kingdom and other developed countries. In view of recent public and professional concern as to the possible adverse effects of food advertising on children's health, this study set out to examine what proportion of television advertisements, directed at children, promoted products potentially harmful to dental health. Forty-one hours of children's television programming broadcast on ITV1, the main UK commercial channel, were recorded on to videotape for subsequent analysis. Almost 1,000 adverts were analysed; each was timed and broadly categorised as relating to a food/drink product or non food/drink product. Advertisements for food and drink were further subdivided according to their sugar and/or acid content. We found that, on average, 24 adverts were shown per broadcast hour, which accounted for 15.8% of the total schedule time. 34.8% of adverts related to food/drink products, and 95.3% of these promoted products that were deemed potentially cariogenic or erosive. The most frequently promoted food/drink products included breakfast cereals with added sugar (26.3%), confectionery (23.7%) and non-carbonated soft drinks (18.1%). It is very concerning that, despite recent specific codes of practice outlined by the Independent Television Commission for Children's Advertising, many food and drink products promoted during children's programming are potentially damaging to dental health.

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Section: What Are Children Watching?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Content analysis of children's television advertising in relation to dental health

Rodd

Patel²

2005

Br Dent J

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“…TV viewing may be related to obesity through an increase in energy intake, potentially via the consumption of high sugar and fat foods heavily advertized in children's television. 14,15 RMR may be reduce while watching TV, 16 affecting energy expenditure, although evidence is inconclusive. 17,18 Recent data point to the importance of studying the association of obesity with different forms of TVa video viewing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 In addition, broadcast TV includes commercial advertizing that could in¯uence energy intake through promoting snack consumption. 14,15 The objective of this study is to document the prevalence of obesity, and to assess the association between TV program viewing, other forms of video viewing ± videogames or viewing of videos on video cassette recorders (VCR) ± and physical activity with the prevalence of obesity among children 9 ± 16 y old in a low-and middle-income town in the Mexico City area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico City

Hernández¹,

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of physical activity, television program viewing and other forms of video viewing with the prevalence of obesity among school children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: 712 children, 9 ± 16 y old, from a low-and a middle-income town in the Mexico City area. MEASUREMENTS: Children completed a self administered questionnaire to assess time spent in physical activity and television viewing, and diet. Height weight and triceps skinfolds were measured. The outcome variable was obesity, and the covariates were hours of television programs and other video viewing, physical activity, energy intake, percentage of energy from fat, town of location of school, age, gender and perception of mother's weight status. RESULTS: Among 461 children with complete information, 24% were classi®ed as obese. Children reported an average of 4.1 AE 2.2 had watching television (2.4 AE 1.5 had for TV programs and 1.7 AE 1.5 had for video cassette recorder (VCR) or videogames), and 1.8 AE 1.3 had in moderate and vigorous physical activities. Odds ratios (OR) of obesity were 12% higher for each hour of television program viewing per day (OR 1.12, 95% con®dence interval (CI) 1.02, ± 1.22), and 10% lower for each hour of moderateavigorous physical activity per day (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83 ± 0:98), controlling for age, gender, town and perception of mother's weight status. Children in the middle-income town had higher adjusted odds of obesity (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.47 ± 4.54). CONCLUSION: Physical activity and television viewing, but not VCRavideogames use, were related to obesity prevalence in Mexican children 9 ± 16 y old.

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“…7 Doubts about the nutritional quality of these food products have been a strong mandate for continuing to investigate the content of children's food advertising. Recent data from the USA 6,8 and the UK 9 show that food advertisements made up 56±63% of all commercials during peak children's viewing time. Breakfast cereals, and confectionery and other snack foods, were the two most heavily advertised categories of food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food advertising on British children’s television: a content analysis and experimental study with nine-year olds

1998

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OBJECTIVES: The nature and signi®cance of food advertising during children's television was examined in two studies: a content analysis of advertising (Study 1) and an investigation of the impact of food adverts on the selfperception of overweight children (Study 2). PARTICIPANTS: Study 1 monitored 91 h of children's broadcasting on four terrestrial and satellite stations in the UK. In Study 2, 103 children aged 9.75 y viewed two videotaped cartoons containing either food or non-food product advertisements. MEASURES: Study 1 used a detailed record of advertisement style and content. Study 2 included a self-report measure of current state, and measures of self-esteem, dietary restraint, body weight and height. RESULTS: Half of the 828 adverts were for food products, 60% of which were for breakfast cereals and confectionery/ snacks. Food advertisements used signi®cantly more animation, stories, humour and the promotion of fun/happiness/mood alteration. In Study 2, signi®cant interactions between advertisement type and overweight were observed on ratings of perceived health and appetite for sweets. CONCLUSION: While small changes are apparent, advertisements during children's television are still dominated by those for foods of questionable nutritional value, in a manner designed to engage attention and emotional response. That overweight children appeared more in¯uenced by their personal enhancement message, suggests the value of further work identifying who is most in¯uenced and by what features of advertising.

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Advertised Foods on Children's Television

Cited by 155 publications

References 17 publications

Content analysis of children's television advertising in relation to dental health

Content analysis of children's television advertising in relation to dental health

Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico City

Food advertising on British children’s television: a content analysis and experimental study with nine-year olds

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