Adverse profile of dietary nutrients, anthropometry and lipids in urban slum dwellers of northern India

Misra, Anoop; Sharma, Rekha; Pandey, R M; Khanna, Nidhi

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601214

Cited by 83 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Misra et al, reported a prevalence of 17% among the adults who belonged to the lower socio economic groups in Delhi [15]. The socio-economic status was positively associated with adiposity in urban Cameroon [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Waist Circumference Measurement: A Simple Method for Assessing the Abdominal Obesity

Anuradha

Hemachandran²,

Dutta³

2012

JCDR

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Introduction: Excess abdominal fat is an independent predictor of the risk factors and the morbidity of obesity related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and cardio vascular diseases. The Waist Circumference (WC) is positively correlated with the abdominal fat. Hence, the waist circumference is a valuable, convenient and a simple measurement method which can be used for identifying the individuals who are at an increased risk for the above mentioned diseases. Objectives:1. To assess the abdominal obesity by measuring the waist circumference among the women who were aged 20 years and above in an urban slum of Chennai, India. 2. To identify the socio demographic factors which were associated with the abdominal obesity in the above study population. Settings and Design:A community based and a cross sectional study was carried out in an urban slum of Chennai, India. Methods and Materials:The present study was undertaken in an urban slum of Chennai city, among the women who were aged 20 years and above. One slum was selected randomly and the households in the slum were sampled by a systematic random sampling method. A predesigned and a pretested questionnaire was used to collect the information regarding the sociodemographic profile of the women. Their waist circumference was measured by using a flexible inch tape.As per the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the International Association for the Study of Obesity (IASO) (2000), the following cut off values for the waist circumference were used to assess the abdominal obesity for women: WC<80cms -normal and WC > 80cms abdominal obesity.Statistical Analysis: It was done by using the Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS ), version 11.5. The prevalence was expressed in percentage and the Chi square test was used to find its association with the factors. Results:In the study population, the prevalence of abdominal obesity (WC > 80 cms) was 29.8% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 25.9-34 %). A significant association was found between the age, religion, a higher socioeconomic status and the abdominal obesity. No significant association was noted between the educational status, occupation, marital status, type of family and the abdominal obesity. Conclusion:Abdominal obesity among the urban slum women is on the rise. The abdominal obesity was found to be signifi cantly higher among the slum women with increasing age and in those who belonged to the muslim religion and to a higher socioeconomic status. InTRODuCTIOnExcess abdominal fat is an independent predictor of the risk factors and the morbidity of obesity related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular diseases. The Waist Circumference (WC) is positively correlated with the abdominal fat. Hence, the waist circumference is a valuable, convenient and a simple measurement method which can be used for identifying the individuals who are at an increased risk for the above mentioned diseases. The evid...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Waist Circumference Measurement: A Simple Method for Assessing the Abdominal Obesity

Anuradha

Hemachandran²,

Dutta³

2012

JCDR

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“…55 Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils with high trans fat content contribute to a significant proportion of total fat intake in Indians, and the consumption of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil is particularly common in urban adult slum dwellers belonging to the lowest socioeconomic status (SES). 58,59 Although the percentage of carbohydrate intake has remained relatively constant, the consumption of refined grain products increased in comparison with the consumption of whole grains. 55 Data on physical activity in India are sparse.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Diseases in India

2016

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Abstract-Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have now become the leading cause of mortality in India. A quarter of all mortality is attributable to CVD. Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the predominant causes and are responsible for >80% of CVD deaths. The Global Burden of Disease study estimate of age-standardized CVD death rate of 272 per 100 000 population in India is higher than the global average of 235 per 100 000 population. Some aspects of the CVD epidemic in India are particular causes of concern, including its accelerated buildup, the early age of disease onset in the population, and the high case fatality rate. In India, the epidemiological transition from predominantly infectious disease conditions to noncommunicable diseases has occurred over a rather brief period of time. Premature mortality in terms of years of life lost because of CVD in India increased by 59%, from 23.2 million (1990) to 37 million (2010). Despite wide heterogeneity in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors across different regions, CVD has emerged as the leading cause of death in all parts of India, including poorer states and rural areas. The progression of the epidemic is characterized by the reversal of socioeconomic gradients; tobacco use and low fruit and vegetable intake have become more prevalent among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds frequently do not receive optimal therapy, leading to poorer outcomes. Countering the epidemic requires the development of strategies such as the formulation and effective implementation of evidencebased policy, reinforcement of health systems, and emphasis on prevention, early detection, and treatment with the use of both conventional and innovative techniques. Several ongoing community-based studies are testing these strategies.

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“…RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We included the subjects from our previous epidemiological studies as the purposive sample for the current study because we had previously demonstrated an inordinately high prevalence of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the same population sample (12)(13)(14). The epidemiological methods have been described previously (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Candidate Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Asian Indians

2005

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OBJECTIVES -We aimed to evaluate eight candidate definitions of the metabolic syndrome (MS) against the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) definition as the reference for optimally defining MS in adult Asian Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We used clinical and biochemical data from our previous cross-sectional epidemiological studies. Candidate definitions of MS were proposed by modifying the NCEP ATPIII definition. These modifications included the following: waist circumference cutoffs as Ͼ90 cm in men and Ͼ80 cm in women, BMI cutoff as Ͼ23 kg/m 2 , and a measure of truncal subcutaneous fat (subscapular skinfold thickness [SST] Ͼ18 mm).RESULTS -The highest prevalence (29.9%) of MS was observed by the inclusion of modified cutoffs of waist circumference and BMI and SST in place of the existing cutoffs of waist circumference in the NCEP ATPIII criteria. Further, this modified definition showed the maximum absolute gain in the percentage of prevalence of MS over the NCEP ATPIII definition, and it was the best predictor for MS in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, type 2 diabetes, and different age-groups. The lowest percentage of prevalence of MS was observed with the definition that excluded biochemical variables and blood pressure. R esistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake is important for the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and subsequently type 2 diabetes. Clustering of clinical and metabolic risk factors, known as "metabolic syndrome," is defined by criteria laid down by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) (1). High predisposition to the development of type 2 diabetes in certain ethnic groups, such as Asian Indians, necessitates early identification of MS for the purpose of prevention (2). CONCLUSIONS -The criteria for defining MS in adult AsianDoubts have been expressed as to whether the NCEP ATPIII definition is appropriate for identifying MS in Asians. Anthropometric parameters of Asians are different than those for white Caucasians and blacks. For example, Asian Indians have smaller body size, excess body fat, and truncal and abdominal adiposity but lower average waist circumference than white Caucasians (2). The cutoffs of waist circumference to define abdominal obesity by the NCEP ATPIII definition underestimate abdominal obesity in adult Asians (3).Further, application of NCEP ATPIII criteria requires the analysis of fasting blood samples for blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol levels. The results of these metabolic variables are usually not available on the first clinic visit; and more importantly, the cost of these tests may be prohibitive for economically challenged individuals. Innovative definitions of MS comprised of easy-to-measure relevant anthropometric measures thus need to be evaluated in individuals residing in developing countries.In the present study, we devised eight candidate definitions of MS by including modified waist circumference and modified BMI...

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Adverse profile of dietary nutrients, anthropometry and lipids in urban slum dwellers of northern India

Cited by 83 publications

References 22 publications

The Waist Circumference Measurement: A Simple Method for Assessing the Abdominal Obesity

The Waist Circumference Measurement: A Simple Method for Assessing the Abdominal Obesity

Cardiovascular Diseases in India

An Evaluation of Candidate Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Asian Indians

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