Adverse Metabolic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Glauber, Harry; Wallace, Penny; Griver, Kay; Brechtel, Ginger

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-663

Cited by 248 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…High dose EPA and DHA deteriorates glycemic control [20][21][22] , thus rationalizing the current study on high dose ALA.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…However, several studies in the 1980s showed a deterioration of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes consuming high doses of fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) or purified EPA or DHA [20][21][22] . However, lower doses of fish oil or purified EPA or DHA resulted in no change in glycemic control 21,[23][24][25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57, (5) 269-273 (2008) The data in show no change in fasting blood serum glucose among all subjects taking the flaxseed oil supplement. Certainly, the levels of EPA and DHA seen in the blood would have been far less than those seen in fish oil studies and purified EPA and/or DHA [20][21][22] delivering high amounts of EPA and DHA that apparently resulted in glycemic control deterioration in those studies. However as Klein-Platat et al 32) , and Phinney 33) have indicated it may be that blood levels of EPA and DHA may be inconsistent with tissues targeted by insulin for glucose uptake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Dose Flaxseed Oil Supplementation May Affect Fasting Blood Serum Glucose Management in Human Type 2 Diabetics

Barre¹,

Mizier-Barre²,

Griscti³

et al. 2008

J. Oleo Sci.

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Type 2 diabetes is characterized partially by elevated fasting blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations and the percentage of hemoglobin as HbA1c. It was hypothesized that each of blood glucose and its co-factors insulin and HbA1c and would show a more favorable profile as the result of flaxseed oil supplementation. Patients were recruited at random from a population pool responding to a recruitment advertisement in the local newspaper and 2 area physicians. Completing the trial were 10 flaxseed oil males, 8 flaxseed oil females, 8 safflower (placebo) oil males and 6 safflower oil females. Patients visited on two pre-treatment occasions each three months apart (visits 1 and 2). At visit 2 subjects were randomly assigned in double blind fashion and in equal gender numbers to take flaxseed oil or safflower oil for three further months until visit 3. Oil consumption in both groups was ~ 10 g/d. ALA intake in the intervention group was ~ 5.5 g/d. Power was 0.80 to see a difference of 1 mmol of glucose /L using 12 subjects per group with a p < 0.05. Flaxseed oil had no impact on fasting blood serum glucose, insulin or HbA1c levels. It is concluded that high doses of flaxseed oil have no effect on glycemic control in type 2 diabetics.

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“…High dose EPA and DHA deteriorates glycemic control [20][21][22] , thus rationalizing the current study on high dose ALA.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High Dose Flaxseed Oil Supplementation May Affect Fasting Blood Serum Glucose Management in Human Type 2 Diabetics

Barre¹,

Mizier-Barre²,

Griscti³

et al. 2008

J. Oleo Sci.

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“…It cannot be ruled out that a longer period of dietary intervention would give different results. Also, the possible influence of the relative increase in n-3 FA, which may have a particularly negative influence on insulin secretion (12), has to be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute lowering of circulating fatty acids improves insulin secretion in a subset of type 2 diabetes subjects

Qvigstad

Mostad

Bjerve

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Qvigstad, Elisabeth, Ingrid L. Mostad, Kristian S. Bjerve, and Valdemar E. Grill. Acute lowering of circulating fatty acids improves insulin secretion in a subset of type 2 diabetes subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284: E129-E137, 2003; 10.1152/ajpendo.00114.2002.-We tested the effects of acute perturbations of elevated fatty acids (FA) on insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. Twenty-one type 2 diabetes subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (triacylglycerol Ͼ2.2 mmol/l) and 10 age-matched nondiabetic subjects participated. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was monitored during hyperglycemic clamps for 120 min. An infusion of Intralipid and heparin was added during minutes 60-120. In one of two tests, the subjects ingested 250 mg of Acipimox 60 min before the hyperglycemic clamp. A third test (also with Acipimox) was performed in 17 of the diabetic subjects after 3 days of a low-fat diet. Acipimox lowered FA levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects alike. Acipimox administration failed to affect insulin secretion rates in nondiabetic subjects and in the group of diabetic subjects as a whole. However, in the diabetic subjects, Acipimox increased integrated insulin secretion rates during minutes 60-120 in the 50% having the lowest levels of hemoglobin A 1c (379 Ϯ 34 vs. 326 Ϯ 30 pmol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 without Acipimox, P Ͻ 0.05). A 3-day dietary intervention diminished energy from fat from 39 to 23% without affecting FA levels and without improving the insulin response during clamps. Elevated FA levels may tonically inhibit stimulated insulin secretion in a subset of type 2 diabetic subjects. insulin sensitivity; hypertriglyceridemia; lipotoxicity; Acipimox; low-fat diet AN ELEVATED PLASMA LEVEL of fatty acids (FA) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (8, 24). The risk has been ascribed to an insulin resistance-inducing effect of FA in skeletal muscle and in liver (3). Randle and colleagues proposed many years ago that resistance may be due to a glucose-fatty acid cycle, i.e., a reciprocal relationship between the metabolism of FA and glucose in which abundance of FA decreases the uptake and metabolism of glucose (reviewed in Refs. 27, 28). The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex played a key role in this concept. It was demonstrated in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle that FA decreased PDH activity through activation of PDH kinase (27, 28). Evidence was presented that an ambient effect of FA on PDH kinase activity was supplemented by a timedependent one. Many data support the operation of the glucose-fatty acid cycle (27), although alternative concepts have also been put forward (17, 37).More recent evidence indicates that elevated FA can exert negative effects on pancreatic ␤-cells and that such effects add to the diabetogenicity of elevated FA. In the obese and diabetic Zucker rat, triacylglycerols accumulate in ␤-cells in conjunction with elevated plasma FA (for review see Ref. 19). Such accumulation has been associated with ␤-cell damage, with proposed implications i...

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“…Fish oil also improved dyslipidaemia, hypertension and endothelial function in subjects with diabetes [22,23]. However, intake of n-3 FA has been associated with impaired glycaemic control, leading both to hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance [24,25]. In view of these inconsistent studies, proof that n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) can prevent subjects with insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance from developing type 2 diabetes remains to be established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis Emerging evidence underscores the important role of the small intestine in the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We therefore tested the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acids improve the various events governing intra-enterocyte lipid transport in Psammomys obesus gerbils, a model of nutritionally induced metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods Experiments were carried out on Psammomys obesus gerbils that were assigned to an isocaloric control diet and a diet rich in fish oil for 6 weeks. Results Increased dietary intake of fish oil lowered body weight and improved hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. It simultaneously decreased de novo intestinal lipogenesis and lipid esterification of the major lipid classes, e.g. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, particularly in insulinresistant and diabetic animals. Accordingly, lessened activity of monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol acyltransferase was recorded. As assessed in cultured jejunal explants incubated with either [ 14 C]-oleic acid or [ 35 S]-methionine, fish oil feeding resulted in diminished triglyceride-rich lipoprotein assembly and apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 biogenesis, respectively. The mechanisms did not involve apo B-48 transcription or alter the gene expression and activity of the critical microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Rather, the suppressed production of apo B-48 by n-3 fatty acids was associated with intracellular proteasome-mediated posttranslational downregulation in insulin-resistant and diabetic animals. Conclusions/interpretation Our data highlight the beneficial impact of n-3 fatty acids on adverse effects of the metabolic syndrome and emphasise their influence on intestinal lipid transport, an effect which may limit postprandial lipaemia and the risk of atherosclerosis.

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Adverse Metabolic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 248 publications

References 41 publications

High Dose Flaxseed Oil Supplementation May Affect Fasting Blood Serum Glucose Management in Human Type 2 Diabetics

High Dose Flaxseed Oil Supplementation May Affect Fasting Blood Serum Glucose Management in Human Type 2 Diabetics

Acute lowering of circulating fatty acids improves insulin secretion in a subset of type 2 diabetes subjects

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

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