Adverse events associated with venomous insect immunotherapy and clinical outcomes in 82 dogs (2002–2020)

Ewing, Trenton S.; Dong, Charli; Boord, Mona J.; Fang, Yinan

doi:10.1111/vde.13016

Cited by 3 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Anaphylaxis to conventional VIT induction has been reported previously in one dog in a retrospective study involving 28 dogs 26 . In another retrospective review of conventional and maintenance VIT in 82 dogs, anaphylaxis was not reported as an adverse reaction during any stage of VIT 10 . Systemic adverse reactions to VIT in people are rare and reported to occur more frequently during the induction phase of VIT compared to the maintenance phase 27,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…9 No standard VIT induction schedules exist for dogs and as a consequence, most veterinary dermatologists adopt protocols that have been designed for use in people. 10 Rush VIT in people appears to be safe, with infrequent severe adverse reactions. 8,11 Mild adverse reactions reported in children are limited to local cutaneous reactions which occur with similar frequency during rush (19%) and conventional VIT (23%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…10 Adverse reactions to rush VIT were classified using a five-point grading scale developed by the World Allergy Organization and previously modified for use in dogs. 10,16 Adverse reactions were classified as localised cutaneous reactions or grade I-IV systemic reactions (Table 3). 10 Clinical signs were defined as dermatological (urticaria, erythema, localised and/or generalised pruritus, facial angio edema), bradycardia (<70 bpm), 6 tachycardia (>120 bpm), 3 abnormal mucous membrane colour (pale pink), delayed capillary refill time (>2 s), 3 respiratory dysfunction (dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, stridor, stertor, coughing, wheezing), tachypnoea (>30 breaths/ min), 17 reduced pulse quality (weak, poor, hypodynamic), gastrointestinal (vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea reflected by hypersalivation, exaggerated swallowing, lip smacking) 3 and hypotension (mean arterial pressure <60 mmHg or systolic arterial pressure <90 mmHg).…”

Section: Adverse Reactions To Modified Rush Venom Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 In another retrospective review of conventional and maintenance VIT in 82 dogs, anaphylaxis was not reported as an adverse reaction during any stage of VIT. 10 Systemic adverse reactions to VIT in people are rare and reported to occur more frequently during the induction phase of VIT compared to the maintenance phase. 27,28 Additionally, a lower rate of adverse reactions occurred during ultra-rush VIT (16.6%) when compared to conventional VIT (25%) in children with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity.…”

Section: Percentage (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies reporting the adverse reactions to VIT in dogs are limited. One publication reported that the majority of adverse reactions to VIT in dogs were mild and infrequent, occurring in 2.8% of 1944 venom injections administered during induction and maintenance VIT in 82 dogs 10 . Single case reports of dogs receiving VIT for 5 years and 2.9 years, respectively, report no adverse reactions 12,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified rush venom immunotherapy in dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity

Moore

Burrows

Rosenkrantz³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Dermatology

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BackgroundHymenoptera envenomation occurs frequently in people and dogs and can trigger anaphylaxis. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only preventive treatment for Hymenoptera hypersensitivity and is indicated for people with severe adverse reactions to insect stings. Rush VIT is an accelerated VIT protocol in people. This has not been reported in dogs.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of modified rush VIT.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity based on a history of adverse reactions to Hymenoptera envenomation and a positive intradermal test to honey bee and/or paper wasp venom.Materials and MethodsDogs received incremental doses of venom via subcutaneous injection one day per week for three consecutive weeks until the maintenance dose was achieved. Vital signs were recorded every 30 min prior to venom administration. Adverse reactions were categorised as localised or grade I–IV systemic reactions.ResultsNineteen of 20 dogs (95%) completed rush VIT. One dog experienced a grade III systemic adverse reaction and was withdrawn from the study. No adverse reactions occurred in 10 of 20 dogs (50%). Localised and grade I–II systemic reactions occurred in nine of 20 dogs (45%), including nausea (n = 5), injection site pruritus (n = 3) and diarrhoea and lethargy (n = 1).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceModified rush VIT in dogs was well‐tolerated and should be considered for dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of VIT in dogs for preventing hypersensitivity reactions to insect stings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Adverse Reactions To Modified Rush Venom Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Percentage (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Modified rush venom immunotherapy in dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity

Moore

Burrows

Rosenkrantz³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Dermatology

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Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy in DOGS: Safety and Clinical Efficacy

Rostaher,

Fischer,

Vigani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Hymenoptera allergens are the main triggers for anaphylaxis in susceptible dogs and humans. Hymenoptera venom specific immunotherapy (VIT), the only disease-modifying treatment, has the potential to prevent future life-threatening reactions in human patients. Prospective clinical data on VIT efficacy in dogs are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to show that VIT is not only safe but also efficacious in preventing anaphylaxis in dogs allergic to Hymenoptera. This uncontrolled prospective clinical trial included 10 client-owned dogs with a history of anaphylaxis following repeated Hymenoptera stings. The sensitization to bee and wasp allergens was demonstrated by intradermal testing (IDT) and allergen-specific IgE serology. For VIT induction (induction phase), dogs received a shortened rush immunotherapy protocol with aqueous allergens, which was then followed by monthly injections of 100 g of alum-precipitated allergen (maintenance phase). VIT efficacy was determined by observing patients’ clinical reactions to re-stings. No systemic adverse events were seen during the induction and maintenance phase. From the seven re-stung dogs, only one developed a mild angioedema at the site of the sting; the remaining dogs were asymptomatic. These results show that VIT represents a safe and effective treatment option for Hymenoptera-allergic dogs.

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Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy in Dogs: Safety and Clinical Efficacy

Rostaher,

Fischer,

Vigani

et al. 2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hymenoptera allergens are the main triggers for anaphylaxis in susceptible dogs and humans. Hymenoptera venom specific immunotherapy (VIT), the only disease-modifying treatment, has the potential to prevent future life-threatening reactions in human patients. Prospective clinical data on VIT efficacy in dogs are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to show that VIT is not only safe but also efficacious in preventing anaphylaxis in dogs allergic to Hymenoptera. This uncontrolled prospective clinical trial included 10 client-owned dogs with a history of anaphylaxis following repeated Hymenoptera stings. The sensitization to bee and wasp allergens was demonstrated by intradermal testing (IDT) and allergen-specific IgE serology. For VIT induction (induction phase), dogs received a shortened rush immunotherapy protocol with aqueous allergens, which was then followed by monthly injections of 100 µg of alum-precipitated allergen (maintenance phase). VIT efficacy was determined by observing patients’ clinical reactions to re-stings. No systemic adverse events were seen during the induction and maintenance phases. From the seven re-stung dogs, only one developed a mild angioedema at the site of the sting; the remaining dogs were asymptomatic. These results show that VIT represents a safe and effective treatment option for Hymenoptera-allergic dogs.

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Adverse events associated with venomous insect immunotherapy and clinical outcomes in 82 dogs (2002–2020)

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Modified rush venom immunotherapy in dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity

Modified rush venom immunotherapy in dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity

Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy in DOGS: Safety and Clinical Efficacy

Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy in Dogs: Safety and Clinical Efficacy

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