Adverse effects on health posed by consumption of Areca nut (Areca catechu L., family: Palmaceae)

Prevalence and risk factors of adverse birth outcomes in the Pacific Island region: A scoping review

“… 29 Studies have reported that betel nut use is associated with oral cancers in the region and elsewhere. 29 , 30 Studies in LMIC countries outside the Pacific Island region (South East Asia) have also shown betel nut use to be adversely associated with adverse birth outcomes. 29 Kava, a traditional drink made from Piper methysticum, is another unique exposure to many Pacific Islanders, including those from Fiji, Vanuatu and Samoa.…”

Lived experiences of women with low birth weight infants in the Solomon Islands: A descriptive qualitative study

“…There were also reports of betel nut addiction among some women who claimed to use betel nuts to increase energy levels and reduce bad tastes during pregnancy, which has also been reported in a Papua New Guinea (PNG) study [11]. Betel nut has been found to be associated with adverse birth outcomes, especially LBW and preterm birth, in several studies in PNG and Southeast Asia [10,11,13,27,58,59]. Conversely, the women's use of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana during pregnancy was limited, with the women reporting some level of awareness of their harmful effects.…”

Green Solutions for Overcoming the Challenges Associated With the Green Economy in Bangladesh

“…Carbide reacts with water and produces acetylene gas, which is similar to ethylene, the fruit's natural ripening agent. Calcium carbide-treated fruits are acutely hazardous causing many diseases (Hossain et al 2008;Hossain et al 2015;Khan 2013). Formaldehyde is toxic to all animals, regardless of the method of intake (Islam et al 2015;Wahed et al 2016;Rahman et al 2012).…”