Adverse effects of the automotive industry on carbon dioxide emissions

Bosupeng, Mpho

doi:10.5937/ejae13-9345

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…The Granger causality model is based on the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) approach. The causal test follows a standard asymptotic distribution for the Wald statistic regardless of the order of integration and cointegration between model variables (Bosupeng, 2016). The Granger non-causality model is expressed in equation 4 In equations (4-5), δ , ψ and λ are model parameters and k is the appropriate lag length while d max is maximum integration order.…”

Section: Granger Causality Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal link between employment and renewable energy consumption: Evidence from Nigeria

Wakil¹,

Gidigbi²

2019

EurJ Appl Econ

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The paper examined the causal link between employment and renewable energy consumption in Nigeria for the period of 1991 to 2014 using annual time series data. The Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality approach was used for causal analysis and Johansen cointegration technique to verify the long-run relationship between model variables. The results supported the conservation hypothesis with unidirectional causality from employment to energy consumption, but no evidence of cointegration was established. The study recommends that Nigeria should review its energy policy in order to promote private investment in renewable energy projects towards finding a sustainable solution to help solve the energy crisis, create employment opportunities, and minimise environmental pollution peculiar to long-term use of fossil fuel.

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Section: Granger Causality Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%