Adverse Effects of Marijuana Use

Feeney, Kathleen; Kampman, Kyle M.

doi:10.1080/00243639.2016.1175707

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…While the perception of harm of cannabis use is low, especially when compared to other substances of abuse (e.g., heroin, cocaine), cannabis use is still associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. Cannabis use may lead to the development of CUD, the onset of withdrawal symptoms, impaired driving ability, increased rates of anxiety and depression, and potentially the development of respiratory issues if smoked (Feeney & Kampman, 2016;Volkow, Baler, Compton, & Weiss, 2014). An additional health concern among cannabis users is the prevalent co-use of other substances and their interrelatedness and interdependence, namely tobacco.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco and cannabis co-use and interrelatedness among adults

Akbar

Tomko

Salazar

et al. 2019

Addictive Behaviors

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Cannabis and tobacco co-use is prevalent, but consensus regarding the reasons for co-use among adults and the degree of interrelatedness between these substances is lacking. Reasons for co-use have been explored with younger users, but little data exists for more experienced users with entrenched patterns of co-use. The goal of this study was to examine characteristics and patterns of cannabis-tobacco co-use among adults in the Southeastern United States (US), where there is a legal landscape of generally restrictive cannabis legislation coupled with more permissive tobacco control compared to other US regions. Participants (N=432) were regular cannabis users recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Measures included demographics, patterns of cannabis and tobacco use, and reasons for co-use. Within this sample, 42% were current users of tobacco (n=182). Cannabis-tobacco co-users were older and had more years of cannabis use than cannabisonly users. Among the co-using sub-sample, there was little consistency in the reasons for co-use, suggesting individual differences in the use of both substances. High levels of cannabis-tobacco interrelatedness (i.e., temporally concurrent use) were associated with smoking more cigarettes (tobacco) per day and greater nicotine dependence scores when compared to users with low levels of interrelatedness. Though these results are limited by a small sample size and generalizability issues, there were individual differences in cannabis-tobacco relatedness, which may be of importance when considering treatment strategies for cannabis, tobacco, or both. With additional research, personalized strategies adapted to cannabis-tobacco relatedness profiles among co-users may be warranted as a treatment strategy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco and cannabis co-use and interrelatedness among adults

Akbar

Tomko

Salazar

et al. 2019

Addictive Behaviors

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“…A field of research indicates that exposure to alcohol and tobacco advertising can shift attitudes towards normalization of use and increase likelihood of use, and this advertising disproportionately targets youth and adolescents (Anderson et al, 2009;D'Amico, Miles, & Tucker, 2015). Thus, in consideration of the expanding marijuana market and the known potential risks associated with marijuana use including dependence, respiratory and cardiovascular risks, cognitive impairment, and increased motor vehicle accidents (Volkow et al, 2014), there is awareness that establishing advertising regulations surrounding the sale of marijuana could help to protect the health of young people (Feeney & Kampman, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana Promotion Online: an Investigation of Dispensary Practices

et al. 2018

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Marijuana product advertising will become more common, as the use of medical and/or recreational marijuana becomes increasingly legal in the USA. In this study, we investigate the marketing tactics being used on marijuana dispensary websites in the USA that could influence substance use behaviors. One hundred dispensary websites were randomly selected from 10 states that allowed the legal use of medical or recreational marijuana and had at least 10 operational dispensaries. Three dispensaries were excluded due to non-functioning websites, leaving a sample of 97 dispensaries. Content analysis was conducted on these dispensaries' websites, with the primary areas of focus including website age verification, marijuana effects, warnings, and promotional tactics. Among the 97 dispensaries, 75% did not include age verification. Roughly 30% offered online ordering and 21% offered delivery services. Sixty-seven percent made health claims pertaining to medical conditions that could be treated by their marijuana products, with moderate or conclusive evidence to support their claims. Less than half of the dispensaries (45%) advised consumers of possible side effects, and only 18% included warnings about contraindications. Nearly half (44%) offered reduced prices or coupons, 19% offered "buy one get one free" offers, and 16% provided giveaways or free samples. Our findings indicate that marijuana dispensary websites are easily accessible to youth. In addition, only a small amount of the websites advised consumers about possible side effects or contraindications. This study suggests the need for surveillance of marijuana commercialization and online advertising especially in the context of state policy reforms.

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“…The trend toward marijuana policy liberalization, in the U.S. and worldwide, raises concerns about the current scarcity of research on the medical value of marijuana and its public health impacts (Hajizadeh, 2016; Lake & Kerr, 2017). Research to date suggests that marijuana use is accompanied by a range of harms (Feeney & Kampman, 2016; Volkow et al, 2014), although advocates for legalization argue that marijuana is already widely available through illicit markets, leaving governments unable to regulate its potency and distribution (Nathan, Clark, & Elders, 2017; Williams, 2016), prevent youth exposure (Spithoff & Kahan, 2014; Ubelacker, 2014), and consider the benefits of making marijuana available as an alternative to riskier substances (Lau et al, 2015; Lucas et al, 2013, 2015; Vyas, LeBaron, & Gilson, 2017). Evidence presented here suggests that, because the liberalization of marijuana policy is likely to continue, there is a global need to build up the evidence base on marijuana and health, the public health consequences of rolling back marijuana controls, and strategies for regulating access in a legalization context.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and Political Factors Associated With State-Level Legalization of Cannabis in the United States

Spetz

Chapman

Bates

et al. 2019

Contemporary Drug Problems

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Thirty-three U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes and 10 states and DC have legalized marijuana for adult recreational use. This mirrors an international trend toward relaxing restrictions on marijuana. This article analyzes patterns in marijuana laws across U.S. states to shed light on the social and political forces behind the liberalization of marijuana policy following a long era of conservatism. Data on U.S. state-level demographics, economic conditions, and cultural and political characteristics are analyzed, as well as establishment of and levels of support for other drug and social policies, to determine whether there are patterns between states that have liberalized marijuana policy versus those that have not. Laws decriminalizing marijuana possession, as well as those authorizing its sale for medical and recreational use, follow the same pattern of diffusion. The analysis points to underlying patterns of demographic, cultural, economic, and political variation linked to marijuana policy liberalization in the U.S. context, which deserve further examination internationally.

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Adverse Effects of Marijuana Use

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Tobacco and cannabis co-use and interrelatedness among adults

Tobacco and cannabis co-use and interrelatedness among adults

Marijuana Promotion Online: an Investigation of Dispensary Practices

Social and Political Factors Associated With State-Level Legalization of Cannabis in the United States

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