Adverse effects of dioxins on cognitive ability and motor performance of 5-year-old children residing in a hotspot of dioxin contamination originating from Agent Orange in Vietnam: A prospective cohort study

Trang, Thieu Ban; Tai, Pham The; Nishijo, Muneko; Anh, Tran Van; Thao, Pham Ngoc; Hoa, Vu Thi; Nghi, Tran Ngoc; Luong, Hoang Van; Nishijo, Hisao

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155138

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The analysis method of PCDD/Fs in CP samples was modified from the U.S. EPA Method 1613. − However, the pretreatment method of PCDD/Fs is usually based on environmental samples and biological samples and are not applicable to CP samples. − CPs are soluble in most organic solvents and have properties similar to PCDD/Fs, and the extraction of trace PCDD/Fs from the highly concentrated CP matrix is a challenge for analyzing PCDD/Fs from CP products. In this study, through screening various extractive methods and solvents, a mixture of dichloromethane and hexane (1:9, v/v; 50 mL) was used to remove some of the CP matrix finally.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Formation Mechanism of PCDD/Fs and SCCPs in Chlorinated Paraffin Products

He,

Liu,

Gao

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) can be formed during the production of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). Detection and accurate quantification of PCDD/Fs in CPs are challenging because of their matrix complexity. Therefore, the occurrence and formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from CPs have not been studied extensively in the past. In this study, 15 commercial samples including solid and liquid CPs were collected in 2022 from China. The average ΣSCCP concentrations detected in the solid and liquid CPs were 158 and 137 mg/g, respectively. The average International Toxic Equivalent (I-TEQ) values of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F in solid and liquid CPs were 15.8 pg I-TEQ/g and 15.0 pg I-TEQ/g, respectively. The solid and liquid CPs had different predominant congener groups for SCCPs and PCDD/Fs. Possible formation routes for the generation of PCDD/Fs were analyzed by screening precursors in paraffin and laboratory-scale thermochemical experiments of CPs. The transformation between 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs and non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs was recognized by calculating the successive chlorination preference. The first reported occurrence of PCDD/Fs in CP commercial products indicated that exposure to CPs and downstream products might be an assignable source of PCDD/F emission, which is of great significance to further explore the control factors of PCDD/Fs in the whole life cycle of CPs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Formation Mechanism of PCDD/Fs and SCCPs in Chlorinated Paraffin Products

He,

Liu,

Gao

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The Agent Orange composition has equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and an extremely toxic by-product known as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzeno-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) [24]. Like other compounds derived from war-like activities, Agent Orange causes severe damage to the human body, as described in the literature [23,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the Vietnam War was very peculiar in using herbicides as a military strategy. In this case, the United States of America dumped the defoliant Agent Orange over one-quarter of southern Vietnam to reveal enemy troops hiding under the tropical forests and destroy the enemy's food crop production [23]. Over nine years, the U.S. Air Force sprayed 19 million gallons (approximately 72 million liters) of defoliants (42 million liters of Agent Orange) across the Republic of Vietnam [24,67].…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, shooting clubs, military exercises, weapon tests, and real wars, which are called war-like activities in this manuscript, comprise another type of human action responsible for the devasting environmental quality of soils [17][18][19][20]. The use of conventional, chemical, and nuclear weapons throughout the 20th and 21st centuries has released and still releases immense amounts of toxic metalloids and metals [21,22], pesticides (mainly herbicides [23][24][25][26][27]), explosives [28][29][30], and radioactive residues [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review about the Mycoremediation of Soil Impacted by War-like Activities: Challenges and Gaps

Geris,

Malta,

Soares

et al. 2024

JoF

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(1) Background: The frequency and intensity of war-like activities (war, military training, and shooting ranges) worldwide cause soil pollution by metals, metalloids, explosives, radionuclides, and herbicides. Despite this environmentally worrying scenario, soil decontamination in former war zones almost always involves incineration. Nevertheless, this practice is expensive, and its efficiency is suitable only for organic pollutants. Therefore, treating soils polluted by wars requires efficient and economically viable alternatives. In this sense, this manuscript reviews the status and knowledge gaps of mycoremediation. (2) Methods: The literature review consisted of searches on ScienceDirect and Web of Science for articles (1980 to 2023) on the mycoremediation of soils containing pollutants derived from war-like activities. (3) Results: This review highlighted that mycoremediation has many successful applications for removing all pollutants of war-like activities. However, the mycoremediation of soils in former war zones and those impacted by military training and shooting ranges is still very incipient, with most applications emphasizing explosives. (4) Conclusion: The mycoremediation of soils from conflict zones is an entirely open field of research, and the main challenge is to optimize experimental conditions on a field scale.

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Exposure estimation and neurotoxicity inhibition of dioxins in sensitive populations near domestic waste incineration plant through adverse outcome pathway

Li,

et al. 2024

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Adverse effects of dioxins on cognitive ability and motor performance of 5-year-old children residing in a hotspot of dioxin contamination originating from Agent Orange in Vietnam: A prospective cohort study

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Occurrence and Formation Mechanism of PCDD/Fs and SCCPs in Chlorinated Paraffin Products

Occurrence and Formation Mechanism of PCDD/Fs and SCCPs in Chlorinated Paraffin Products

A Review about the Mycoremediation of Soil Impacted by War-like Activities: Challenges and Gaps

Exposure estimation and neurotoxicity inhibition of dioxins in sensitive populations near domestic waste incineration plant through adverse outcome pathway

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