Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: Machine Learning and Statistical Approach to Identify and Classify Incidences of Morbidity and Postvaccination Reactogenicity
Abstract:Good vaccine safety and reliability are essential for successfully countering infectious disease spread. A small but significant number of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines have been reported. Here, we aim to identify possible common factors in such adverse reactions to enable strategies that reduce the incidence of such reactions by using patient data to classify and characterise those at risk. We examined patient medical histories and data documenting postvaccination effects and outcomes. The data analy… Show more
“…Approximately 4.2% of the individuals who took the Moderna vaccine developed lymphadenopathy in one cohort study 41 . In two cohort studies in which participants took either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine (unspecified), 1.9% of the individuals developed lymphadenopathy 43 . Additionally, in another cohort 1.0% of the individuals who took the AstraZeneca vaccine developed lymphadenopathy 48 (Figure 4A).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tables 1 and 2 summarize the summed percentages of individuals who developed lymphadenopathy out of the total individuals in cohort studies without control, cohort studies with control, and RTCs 21–57 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tables and summarize the types of the included studies 21–57 . The results from our search yielded 24 case series/reports, 7 cohort studies without control (Table ), 21–51 3 cohort studies with controls, and 3 randomized control trials (RCT) (Table ) 52–57 . Two of the cohort studies without control were conducted in the USA and two in Israel.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tables and summarize the demographic and clinical data extracted from the included studies 21–57 . Table 1 summarizes the findings of the studies without control including cohort studies, case series, and case reports.…”
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic that continues to cause numerous deaths to date. Four vaccines have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as of July 2021 to prevent the transmission of COVID-19: Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Janssen. These vaccines have shown great efficacy and safety profile. One side effect that has been widely reported is post-COVID-19 vaccination lymphadenopathy. Due to the mimicry of the lymphadenopathy for metastases in some oncologic patients, there have been reports of patients who underwent biopsies that showed pathologic confirmation of benign reactive lymphadenopathy secondary to the COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, understanding the incidence of lymphadenopathy post-COVID-19 vaccinations will help guide radiologists and oncologists in their management of patients, both present oncologic patients, and patients with concerns over their newly presenting lymphadenopathy.A systematic literature search was performed using several databases to identify relevant studies that reported lymphadenopathy post-COVID-19 vaccination. Our results revealed that several cases have been detected in patients undergoing follow-up fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography-computerized tomography scans where lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccine injection site show increased uptake of FDG. Thus, knowledge of the incidence of lymphadenopathy may help avoid unnecessary biopsies, interventions, and changes in management for patients, especially oncologic patients who are at risk for malignancies.
“…Approximately 4.2% of the individuals who took the Moderna vaccine developed lymphadenopathy in one cohort study 41 . In two cohort studies in which participants took either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine (unspecified), 1.9% of the individuals developed lymphadenopathy 43 . Additionally, in another cohort 1.0% of the individuals who took the AstraZeneca vaccine developed lymphadenopathy 48 (Figure 4A).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tables 1 and 2 summarize the summed percentages of individuals who developed lymphadenopathy out of the total individuals in cohort studies without control, cohort studies with control, and RTCs 21–57 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tables and summarize the types of the included studies 21–57 . The results from our search yielded 24 case series/reports, 7 cohort studies without control (Table ), 21–51 3 cohort studies with controls, and 3 randomized control trials (RCT) (Table ) 52–57 . Two of the cohort studies without control were conducted in the USA and two in Israel.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tables and summarize the demographic and clinical data extracted from the included studies 21–57 . Table 1 summarizes the findings of the studies without control including cohort studies, case series, and case reports.…”
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic that continues to cause numerous deaths to date. Four vaccines have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as of July 2021 to prevent the transmission of COVID-19: Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Janssen. These vaccines have shown great efficacy and safety profile. One side effect that has been widely reported is post-COVID-19 vaccination lymphadenopathy. Due to the mimicry of the lymphadenopathy for metastases in some oncologic patients, there have been reports of patients who underwent biopsies that showed pathologic confirmation of benign reactive lymphadenopathy secondary to the COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, understanding the incidence of lymphadenopathy post-COVID-19 vaccinations will help guide radiologists and oncologists in their management of patients, both present oncologic patients, and patients with concerns over their newly presenting lymphadenopathy.A systematic literature search was performed using several databases to identify relevant studies that reported lymphadenopathy post-COVID-19 vaccination. Our results revealed that several cases have been detected in patients undergoing follow-up fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography-computerized tomography scans where lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccine injection site show increased uptake of FDG. Thus, knowledge of the incidence of lymphadenopathy may help avoid unnecessary biopsies, interventions, and changes in management for patients, especially oncologic patients who are at risk for malignancies.
“…The side effects of vaccination were amplified by the media, increasing vaccine hesitancy from the beginning of the vaccination campaign, and governments introduced measures to undermine misinformation and encourage vaccination. Scientific research has currently been focused on hypersensitivity reactions and the characteristics of subjects who may develop them [ 4 , 5 ]. Hypersensitivity reactions are an exaggerated and inappropriate immunological response to an allergen typically characterized by skin, respiratory, and/or cardiovascular involvement [ 6 ].…”
Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is the world’s most important strategy for stopping the pandemic. Vaccination challenges the body’s immune response and can be complicated by hypersensitivity reactions. The autonomic nervous system can modulate the inflammatory immune response, therefore constituting a potential marker to characterize individuals at high risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Autonomic nervous system functionality was assessed through measurement of the heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects with a history of severe allergic reactions and 12 control subjects. HRV parameters included the mean electrocardiograph RR interval and the standard deviation of all normal R–R intervals (SDNN). All measurements were performed immediately before the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The median RR variability was lower in the study than in the control group: 687 ms (645–759) vs. 821 ms (759–902); p = 0.02. The SDNN was lower in the study group than in the control group: 32 ms (23–36) vs. 50 ms (43–55); p < 0.01. No correlation was found between age and the SDNN. Autonomic nervous system activity is unbalanced in people with a severe allergy background.
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