Adverse effects in the management of breast cancer – recent studies

Abstract

Introduction and purpose
 Breast cancer (BC) management includes local therapies surgery, radiotherapy and systemic – hormonotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted and immunotherapy. However, some adverse events of these treatment strategies limit their wide administration in BC therapy. The aim of the study was to present adverse effects in the management of BC, prevention and treatment of them.
 State of the knowledge
 Surgery of the breast leads to lymphedema, pain, and anatomical changes. The most characteristic adverse event of radiotherapy is radiation dermatitis which is more probable among obese, older patients, females, and smokers. Other side effects are pneumonia, cardiac and pulmonary injury. Chemotherapeutics lead to complications such as anthracyclines-induced cardiotoxicity. As a consequence of endocrine therapy, patients are affected by vasomotor, musculoskeletal, and vulvovaginal symptoms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are usually mild. When severe irAEs occur, immunosuppressive drugs are used. Depending on stage, toxicities of the therapies can lead to interrupting the treatment of BC. Moreover, drug resistance is an important therapeutic obstacle in BC treatment. 
 Conclusion
 The application of a diversity of drugs in the treatment of breast cancer is associated with adverse effects which limit its efficacy. It is vital to develop novel, targeted therapeutic methods to optimize outcomes of patients. Given the adverse effects of breast cancer therapies and drug resistance, it is vital to develop novel, targeted therapeutic methods.

Preparation of Ca-Mg double-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their drug-loading and drug-releasing properties

“…Still, chemotherapeutic drugs have problems such as poor stability, lack of tissue specificity, and short half-life, which not only lead to severe toxic side effects but also make chemotherapeutic drugs have a low concentration in tumor tissues, which can't achieve the therapeutic purpose [10,11] . In addition to this, it has also been shown that chemotherapy can lead to complications, such as anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity [12] . The emergence of nanotechnology provides a powerful tool for effective delivery, responsive release, and reduction of toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs [13,14] .…”