Adverse childhood experiences or adverse childhood socioeconomic conditions?

Taylor-Robinson, David; Straatmann, Viviane S.; Whitehead, Margaret

doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30094-x

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The fact that different adversities, family stability and socioeconomic conditions are closely correlated might lead to an underestimation of the importance of socioeconomic resources in analyses where all these dimensions of childhood are lumped together [39]. Our results suggest that children in low-income families seem to be at an elevated risk of self-harm when not exposed to adversities and more when exposed.…”

Section: Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Experience of maternal and paternal adversities in childhood as determinants of self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood

Pitkänen

Remes

Aaltonen

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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IntroductionPrevious studies suggest that childhood experience of parental adversities increases the risk of subsequent offspring self-harm, but studies on distinct paternal and maternal characteristics are few and it remains unclear how these interact with childhood social position. The study aims to assess whether paternal and maternal adversities have different associations with offspring self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood. Interaction by offspring gender and childhood income are investigated, as well as cumulative effects of multiple adversities.MethodsThe study uses administrative register data on a 20% random sample of Finnish households with children aged 0–14 years in 2000. We follow children born in 1986–1998 (n=155 855) from their 13th birthday until 2011. Parental substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, criminality and hospitalisations due to interpersonal violence or self-harm are used to predict offspring self-harm with Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe results show a clear increase in the risk of self-harm among those exposed to maternal or paternal adversities with HRs between 1.5 and 5.4 among boys and 1.7 and 3.9 among girls. The excess risks hold for every measure of maternal and paternal adversities after adjusting for childhood income and parental education. Evidence was found suggesting that low income, accumulation of adversity and female gender may exacerbate the consequences of adversities.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that both parents’ adversities increase the risk of self-harm and that multiple experiences of parental adversities in childhood are especially harmful, regardless of parent gender. Higher levels of childhood income can protect from the negative consequences of adverse experiences.

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Section: Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Experience of maternal and paternal adversities in childhood as determinants of self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood

Pitkänen

Remes

Aaltonen

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Keywords: Adversity, Adverse childhood experiences, Child abuse, DNA methylation, Emotional abuse, Epigenetics, Longitudinal studies Background While there is a large body of evidence documenting the long-term consequences of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on social and health outcomes in later life [1,2], the mechanisms through which they occur remain unclear. Epigenetic mechanisms may help to explain the lasting effects of early life adversity [3].…”

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences, DNA methylation age acceleration, and cortisol in UK children: a prospective population-based cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background: Epigenetic mechanisms may partly explain the persistent effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health outcomes in later life. DNA methylation can predict chronological age, and advanced methylationpredicted age beyond chronological age (DNA methylation age acceleration) is associated with ACEs, adverse mental and physical health, and elevated diurnal and baseline salivary cortisol. Childhood adversity is also associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which produces the neuroendocrine hormone cortisol. It remains unknown whether these associations are specific to certain types of adversity. Herein, we investigate the associations of ACEs with DNA methylation age acceleration and plasma cortisol in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Methods: In this study of the children in ALSPAC, we used multiple linear regression to examine associations of cumulative exposure to ACE, as well as exposure to ten individual types of ACEs, with Horvath-estimated DNA methylation age acceleration and with baseline plasma cortisol. The ten ACEs were those included in the World Health Organization's ACE International Questionnaire. Data on ACEs were prospectively collected from age 0-14 years. DNA methylation age acceleration and plasma cortisol were measured at mean 17.1 years and 15.5 years, respectively.(Continued on next page)

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“…Despite socioeconomic disadvantage being a major risk factor for ACEs, the conversation about ACEs rarely focuses on the interrelationships between ACEs and socioeconomic conditions or other family-level factors such as maternal age or smoking and the implications of this for policy [18]. For example, studies vary in the degree to which they adjust for potential confounding by socioeconomic conditions or family-level factors, and whilst there is an extensive literature on factors that promote resilience to ACEs (particularly maltreatment) [19][20][21], there is relatively little focus in the literature on whether associations between ACEs and adverse outcomes are weaker in children from socioeconomically advantaged families (one way of conceptualising resilience).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors: A prospective cohort study in the UK

et al. 2020

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Background Experiencing multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a risk factor for many adverse outcomes. We explore associations of ACEs with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors in these associations. Methods and findings Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective cohort of children born in southwest England in 1991-1992, we assess associations of ACEs between birth and 16 years (sexual, physical, or emotional abuse; emotional neglect; parental substance abuse; parental mental illness or suicide attempt; violence between parents; parental separation; bullying; and parental criminal conviction, with data collected on multiple occasions between birth and age 16) with educational attainment at 16 years (n = 9,959) and health at age 17 years (depression, obesity, harmful alcohol use, smoking, and illicit drug use; n = 4,917). We explore the extent to which associations are robust to adjustment for family and socioeconomic factors (home ownership, mother and partner's highest educational qualification, household social class, parity, child's ethnicity, mother's age, mother's marital status, mother's depression score at 18 and 32 weeks gestation, and mother's partner's depression score at 18 weeks gestation) and whether associations differ according to socioeconomic factors, and we estimate the proportion of adverse educational and health outcomes attributable to ACEs or family or socioeconomic measures. Among the 9,959 participants (49.5% female) included in analysis of educational outcomes, 84% reported at least one ACE, 24% reported 4 or more ACEs, and 54.5% received 5 or more General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs) at grade C or above, including English and Maths. Among the 4,917 participants (50.1% female) included in analysis of

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Adverse childhood experiences or adverse childhood socioeconomic conditions?

Cited by 45 publications

References 10 publications

Experience of maternal and paternal adversities in childhood as determinants of self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood

Experience of maternal and paternal adversities in childhood as determinants of self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood

Adverse childhood experiences, DNA methylation age acceleration, and cortisol in UK children: a prospective population-based cohort study

Associations of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors: A prospective cohort study in the UK

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