Adverse childhood experiences in parents of youth with chronic pain: prevalence and comparison with a community-based sample

Beveridge, Jaimie K.; Dobson, Keith S.; Madigan, Sheri; Yeates, Keith Owen; Stone, Amanda; Wilson, Anna; Salberg, Sabrina; Mychasiuk, Richelle; Noel, Melanie

doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000866

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Procedures for the broader PATH study have been reported elsewhere. 2 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 41 , 48 Eligibility for initial enrollment in the PATH study included youth between 10-18 years of age who had been identified by a health care provider as having chronic pain (i.e., pain ≥ 3 months 30 ) without an underlying disease (e.g., cancer). Exclusion criteria for both youth and parents included being unable to read/speak English, a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder (e.g., intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder), and/ or a serious mental health disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, psychotic disorder).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Chronic Pain in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lived Experiences of Youth and Parents

Neville

Lund

Soltani

et al. 2022

The Journal of Pain

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During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic youth with chronic pain have experienced additional barriers to accessing treatment and managing their pain. This study explored the experiences of youth with chronic pain and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 youth with chronic pain (aged 13-20 years) and one of their parents, recruited from a tertiary level pediatric chronic pain program. Interviews occurred between the months of June-August 2020 and enabled participants to describe their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic according to their own unique perspectives. Transcripts were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were generated and labelled: ‘temporality, mental health, and pain’, ‘coping with pain during a global pandemic’, ‘impact on care’, and ‘re-appraisal in the context of development and pandemic life’. Across these themes, youth and parents described their unique challenges of living with pain as they adapted to changing circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, youth experienced increased difficulties managing their mental health and pain, which were intricately connected and related to social isolation, temporality, and uncertainty exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic impacted youth's access to care and their abilities to engage in coping strategies to manage their pain. The COVID-19 pandemic was also perceived to have interrupted youth's development and growing autonomy, prompting youth to re-appraise their current circumstances and imagined futures. Perspective: This manuscript provides an in-depth understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth with chronic pain and their parents. Youth and their parents perceived the COVID-19 pandemic to have impacted youth's mental health, pain, socio-emotional development, and access to care.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Chronic Pain in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lived Experiences of Youth and Parents

Neville

Lund

Soltani

et al. 2022

The Journal of Pain

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“…Families were recruited as part of the Pain and Mental Health in Youth (PATH) study, a broader program of research examining a myriad of cognitive, behavioral, neurobiological, and social factors in the co-occurrence of chronic pain and internalizing mental health disorders in youth. To date, studies have used data from the PATH study to examine diagnostic uncertainty, sleep disturbances, daily relations between parent and child functioning, intolerance of uncertainty, attentional biases, and adverse childhood experiences [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. As such, the aims of the current study are distinct from these published studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parent Version of the Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization Scale (SPTS-P): A Preliminary Validation

et al. 2021

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Sensitivity to pain traumatization (SPT) is defined as the propensity to develop responses to pain that resemble a traumatic stress reaction. To date, SPT has been assessed in adults with a self-report measure (Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization Scale (SPTS-12)). SPT may also be relevant in the context of parenting a child with chronic pain, as many of these parents report clinically elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This study aimed to develop and validate a measure of parent SPT by adapting the SPTS-12 and evaluating its psychometric properties in a sample of parents whose children have chronic pain. In total, 170 parents (90.6% female) and children (aged 10–18 years, 71.2% female) were recruited from a tertiary chronic pain program. Parents completed the parent version of the SPTS-12 (SPTS-P) and measures of PTSS, depression, and parenting behaviors. Youth completed measures of pain. Consistent with the SPTS-12, the SPTS-P demonstrated a one-factor structure that accounted for 45% of the variance, adequate to good reliability and moderate construct validity. Parent SPT was positively related to their protective and monitoring behaviors but was unrelated to youth pain intensity, unpleasantness, and interference. These results provide preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the SPTS-P and highlight the interaction between parent distress about child pain and parent responses to child pain.

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“…Most notably, it has been established that offspring of parents with chronic pain have an increased risk of developing chronic pain and the associated negative psychological outcomes (e.g., PTSD symptomology) [ 2 , 18 ]. Evidence also suggests that parental ACEs confer risk of poor health outcomes in children [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Given that parental trauma symptomology has been shown to play a role in pediatric chronic pain [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], it may be that parent ACEs also impact chronic pain in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence also suggests that parental ACEs confer risk of poor health outcomes in children [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Given that parental trauma symptomology has been shown to play a role in pediatric chronic pain [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], it may be that parent ACEs also impact chronic pain in children. Recent evidence suggests that rates of ACEs, particularly maltreatment (physical neglect), are high among parents of youth with chronic pain, which may suggest they confer risk for the onset of child pain [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that parental trauma symptomology has been shown to play a role in pediatric chronic pain [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], it may be that parent ACEs also impact chronic pain in children. Recent evidence suggests that rates of ACEs, particularly maltreatment (physical neglect), are high among parents of youth with chronic pain, which may suggest they confer risk for the onset of child pain [ 19 ]. However, little is known about this relationship between parent ACEs and pediatric chronic pain, including the possible neurobiological mechanisms that mediate this relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Pilot Study Investigating the Role of Gender in the Intergenerational Relationships between Gene Expression, Chronic Pain, and Adverse Childhood Experiences in a Clinical Sample of Youth with Chronic Pain

et al. 2021

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Chronic pain is a highly prevalent and costly issue that often emerges during childhood or adolescence and persists into adulthood. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase risk for several adverse health conditions, including chronic pain. Recent evidence suggests that parental trauma (ACEs, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms) confers risk of poor health outcomes in their children. Intergenerational relationships between parental trauma and child chronic pain may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. A clinical sample of youth with chronic pain and their parents completed psychometrically sound questionnaires assessing ACEs, PTSD symptoms, and chronic pain, and provided a saliva sample. These were used to investigate the intergenerational relationships between four epigenetic biomarkers (COMT, DRD2, GR, and SERT), trauma, and chronic pain. The results indicated that the significant biomarkers were dependent upon the gender of the child, wherein parental ACEs significantly correlated with changes in DRD2 expression in female children and altered COMT expression in the parents of male children. Additionally, the nature of the ACE (maltreatment vs. household dysfunction) was associated with the specific epigenetic changes. There may be different pathways through which parental ACEs confer risk for poor outcomes for males and females, highlighting the importance of child gender in future investigations.

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Adverse childhood experiences in parents of youth with chronic pain: prevalence and comparison with a community-based sample

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Parents of youth with chronic pain reported high rates of adverse childhood experiences, including significantly higher rates of physical neglect than a community-based sample.

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Pediatric Chronic Pain in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lived Experiences of Youth and Parents

Pediatric Chronic Pain in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lived Experiences of Youth and Parents

The Parent Version of the Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization Scale (SPTS-P): A Preliminary Validation

A Pilot Study Investigating the Role of Gender in the Intergenerational Relationships between Gene Expression, Chronic Pain, and Adverse Childhood Experiences in a Clinical Sample of Youth with Chronic Pain

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