Adverse childhood experiences in children with autism spectrum disorder

Hoover, Daniel W.; Kaufman, Joan

doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000390

Cited by 130 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Overall, children with ASD‐only, ASD+ID, and ID‐only had significantly higher odds of reported and substantiated maltreatment relative to a population control group. With almost one in three children with ASD+ID reported to child protective services for maltreatment, and over one in five children with ASD‐only, these results bolster a growing literature emphasizing the importance of identifying and addressing maltreatment risk in ASD (Hoover, ; Hoover & Kaufman, ). Use of well‐established rigorous ADDM methodology that objectively identified a high number of children with ASD, and linkage with state‐wide child protective service records, may have allowed for identification of increased risk associated with ASD in contrast to prior work (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In summary, the current investigation represents the first empirical evidence from population‐level data that the prevalence of maltreatment is elevated in ASD relative to the general population. Establishing that children with ASD, who are already a population vulnerable to elevated family stress and emotional and behavioral difficulties, are also at heightened risk for maltreatment emphasizes the urgent need to consider developmental disability status in child maltreatment research and refine clinical supports for those doubly vulnerable families affected by both maltreatment and ASD and/or ID (Hoover & Kaufman, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication difficulties and restricted, repetitive behaviors that is frequently comorbid with ID, which is defined by significant impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning (American Psychiatric Association, ). Given the increasing prevalence of ASD (Baio et al., ) and the heightened vulnerability of children with disabilities to experience adversity (Hoover & Kaufman, ), empirically‐supported practices and services for maltreatment are greatly needed to address the unique needs of children with ASD and/or ID and their families. Thus, it is essential to first understand the extent and characteristics of child maltreatment experiences among children with ASD and/or ID relative to those without.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While ID has consistently been associated with heightened maltreatment risk (e.g. Dion, Paquette, Tremblay, Collin‐Vézina, & Chabot, ; Horner‐Johnson & Drum, ), evidence is equivocal regarding ASD (see Hoover & Kaufman, ; for review). Samples of children with ASD receiving mental health treatment have documented elevated rates of maltreatment (Brenner, Pan, Mazefsky, Smith, & Gabriels, ; Mandell, Walrath, Manteuffel, Sgro, & Pinto‐Martin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child maltreatment in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: results from a population‐based sample

McDonnell

Boan

Bradley

et al. 2018

Child Psychology Psychiatry

148

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Background Children with developmental disabilities are at heightened risk for maltreatment. However, little is known regarding the prevalence of maltreatment among specific groups, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID). Information about maltreatment in these groups can aid in the development of supports and prevention strategies for vulnerable children and their families. Methods Using record linkage between the Department of Social Services (DSS) and the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) network, this study compares the prevalence and characteristics of maltreatment among children with ASD‐only (n = 316), ASD and comorbid ID (ASD+ID; n = 291), ID‐only (n = 1,280), and controls (n = 3,101). Behavioral correlates of maltreatment are examined. Results Controlling for demographic factors, this study found significantly higher odds of reported and substantiated maltreatment among children with ASD‐only (odds ratio = 1.86 for reported, 1.51 for substantiated), ASD+ID (odds ratio = 2.35 for reported, 1.97 for substantiated), and ID‐only (odds ratio = 2.45 for reported, 2.49 for substantiated) relative to a population control group, with large effects. In particular, children with ASD+ID and ID‐only were between two and three times more likely to experience maltreatment. All groups were more likely to experience physical neglect, and children in the ASD+ID and ID‐only groups were more likely to experience all forms of abuse. Children in the ASD‐only group were more likely to experience physical abuse. Maltreated children in the ASD‐only and ID‐only groups experienced more cases of physical abuse and neglect, and were victimized by more perpetrators compared to other maltreated youth. Maltreatment was associated with higher likelihood of aggression, hyperactivity, and tantrums for children with ASD. Conclusions Children with ASD and/or ID are at heightened risk for maltreatment. Empirically‐supported assessment and intervention approaches for identifying and addressing traumatic stress related to maltreatment in ASD are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Child maltreatment in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: results from a population‐based sample

McDonnell

Boan

Bradley

et al. 2018

Child Psychology Psychiatry

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Measures of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have rarely been included in studies of psychiatric co-morbidity in ASD and ID (Bakken et al, 2010). However, individuals with ASD and ID seem to be at increased risk of falling victim to violence (Sullivan & Knutson, 2000;Jones et al, 2012;Mandell, Walrath, Manteuffel, Sgro & Pinto-Martin, 2005;Duan et al, 2015), sexual abuse (Gotby et al, 2018;Hershkowitz, Lamb & Horowitz, 2007;Mandell et al, 2005;Sullivan & Knutson, 2000), maltreatment/neglect (Dinkler et al, 2017;McDonnell et al, 2018;Chan, Lo & Ip, 2018;Sullivan & Knutson, 2000;Turner, Vanderminden, Finkelhor, Hamby & Shattuck, 2011;Chan & Lam, 2016), and bullying (Hoover & Kaufman, 2018;Sullivan & Knutson, 2000;Hoover, 2015). McDonnell et al (2018) found that children with ASD and ID, or either of these conditions alone, were at increased risk of maltreatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review

Kildahl

Bakken

Iversen

et al. 2019

Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities

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Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disability (ID) seem to influence risk of and vulnerability to exposure to trauma and adverse events. While assessment of psychiatric disorder in ASD and ID generally is challenging, identification of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) seems particularly so, and knowledge does not seem easily accessible. Methods This article provides a systematic review of studies describing trauma reactions in individuals with both ASD and ID, including studies involving any single case with the combination of 3 ASD, ID, and PTSD. To systematically explore PTSD symptom presentation in the group, all reported symptoms from studies were assigned by DSM 5 criteria. Results Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, eight group studies and ten case studies. Assessment methodology in studies varied, as did the format of symptom report. DSM 5 criteria provided a useful framework for integrating findings across studies, indicating that PTSD may be identified in individuals with ASD and ID. However, symptoms involving alterations in arousal and negative alterations in thought and behavior seem more easily identified than symptoms of re-experiencing and avoidance. Conclusions There is an urgent need to identify behavioral equivalents to PTSD symptoms in this group, making it possible to identify warning signs of trauma and abuse even if such incidents are not known to family or professional carers.

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Assessment of medical morbidities in a rhesus monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality

et al. 2021

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People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a variety of medical morbidities at significantly higher rates than the general population. Using an established monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality, we investigated whether lowsocial monkeys show an increased burden of medical morbidities compared to their high-social counterparts. We systematically reviewed the medical records of N = 152 (n = 73 low-social; n = 79 high-social) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to assess the number of traumatic injury, gastrointestinal, and inflammatory events, as well as the presence of rare medical conditions. Subjects' nonsocial scores, determined by the frequency they were observed in a nonsocial state (i.e., alone), and macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised (mSRS-R) scores were also used to test whether individual differences in social functioning were related to medical morbidity burden. Medical morbidity type significantly differed by group, such that low-social monkeys incurred higher rates of traumatic injury compared to high-social monkeys. Nonsocial scores and mSRS-R scores also significantly and positively predicted traumatic injury rates, indicating that monkeys with the greatest social impairment were most impacted on this health measure. These findings from low-social monkeys are consistent with welldocumented evidence that people with ASD incur a greater number of traumatic injuries and receive more peer bullying than their neurotypical peers, and add to growing evidence for the face validity of this primate model. Lay Summary: People with autism exhibit multiple medical problems at higher rates than the general population. We conducted a comprehensive medical record review of monkeys that naturally exhibit differences in sociality and found that low-social monkeys are more susceptible to traumatic injuries than high-social monkeys. These results are consistent with reports that people with autism also incur greater traumatic injury and peer bullying and add to growing evidence for the validity of this monkey model.

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Adverse childhood experiences in children with autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 130 publications

References 29 publications

Child maltreatment in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: results from a population‐based sample

Child maltreatment in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: results from a population‐based sample

Identification of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review

Assessment of medical morbidities in a rhesus monkey model of naturally occurring low sociality

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