Adverse childhood experiences and substance misuse in young people in India: results from the multisite cVEDA cohort

Fernandes, Gwen; Spiers, Alex; Vaidya, Nilakshi; Zhang, Y.; Sharma, Eesha; Holla, Bharath; Heron, Jon; Hickman, Matthew; Murthy, Pratima; Chakrabarti, Amit; Basu, Debasish; Subodh, BN; Singh, Lairenlakpam Deban; Singh, Ranjit; Kalyanram, Kartik; Kartik, Kamakshi; Kumaran, Kalyanaraman; Krishnaveni, Ghattu V.; Kuriyan, Rebecca; Kurpad, Sunita Simon; Barker, Gareth J.; Bharath, Rose Dawn; Desrivières, Sylvane; Purushottam, Meera; Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos; Toledano, Mireille B.; Schumann, Günter; Benegal, Vivek

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11892-5

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Table 4 [37,46,[110][111][112][113][114] illustrates examples of substance abuse connected to ACE. Given the knowledge that this is a significant risk, preventative measures that include the microbiome and protection against dysbiosis not only reduce the risk of substance abuse, but also canaid in protection against impediments to withdrawal.…”

Section: Substance Misuse/abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[110] Substance misuse Meta-analysis; A study of misuse in young people found that ACE can drive male misuse of tobacco. [111] Substance abuse A study using data from the 2016-2019 National Survey of Children's Health; During childhood; Seven ACEs were included (but not child maltreatment). [46] Problematic alcohol and/or tobacco use A longitudinal study of 1179 youths of Lain American origin or descent.…”

Section: Outcome Details Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Microbiome-Based Approaches to Deprogram Chronic Disorders and Extend the Healthspan following Adverse Childhood Experiences

Dietert

Dietert²

2022

Microorganisms

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which can include child trafficking, are known to program children for disrupted biological cycles, premature aging, microbiome dysbiosis, immune-inflammatory misregulation, and chronic disease multimorbidity. To date, the microbiome has not been a major focus of deprogramming efforts despite its emerging role in every aspect of ACE-related dysbiosis and dysfunction. This article examines: (1) the utility of incorporating microorganism-based, anti-aging approaches to combat ACE-programmed chronic diseases (also known as noncommunicable diseases and conditions, NCDs) and (2) microbiome regulation of core systems biology cycles that affect NCD comorbid risk. In this review, microbiota influence over three key cyclic rhythms (circadian cycles, the sleep cycle, and the lifespan/longevity cycle) as well as tissue inflammation and oxidative stress are discussed as an opportunity to deprogram ACE-driven chronic disorders. Microbiota, particularly those in the gut, have been shown to affect host–microbe interactions regulating the circadian clock, sleep quality, as well as immune function/senescence, and regulation of tissue inflammation. The microimmunosome is one of several systems biology targets of gut microbiota regulation. Furthermore, correcting misregulated inflammation and increased oxidative stress is key to protecting telomere length and lifespan/longevity and extending what has become known as the healthspan. This review article concludes that to reverse the tragedy of ACE-programmed NCDs and premature aging, managing the human holobiont microbiome should become a routine part of healthcare and preventative medicine across the life course.

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Section: Substance Misuse/abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outcome Details Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Using Microbiome-Based Approaches to Deprogram Chronic Disorders and Extend the Healthspan following Adverse Childhood Experiences

Dietert

Dietert²

2022

Microorganisms

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“…The childhood years, from prenatal to late adolescence and early adulthood, are “building block” years for the basis of intelligence and skill development, self-motivation, social behavior, health and adult relationships, which extend into adulthood [ 1 , 2 ]. Some level of stress and adversity is a normal part of healthy human development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the report of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 62% of adults from the United States of America experienced atleast one type of ACE before the age of 18, and about one in six reported that they had experienced more than three types of ACEs [ 1 ]. A study from India done by Fernandes et al (2021) reported that one in two young people has child mistreatment ACEs and family-level ACEs [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and health risk behaviours among adolescents and young adults: evidence from India

Maurya

2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic and stressful events that occur in childhood. These experiences at home, school, or in the community may damage the cognitive health and emotional skills of children and adolescents. Objective The present study examines the association between Adverse childhood experiences and risky health behaviour indicators while controlling other background characteristics among boys and girls. This study also assesses outcomes in the aggregate to estimate the impact of cumulative adversity on various risky health behavioural factors among boys and girls among adolescents and young adults (age group 13–23) in India. Data and methods Data were drawn from the second wave of the “Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (2018–2019)” survey. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis were conducted to fulfill the objective. Results The findings show that nearly 30% of boys and 10% of girls had violent behaviour. Substance use prevalence was much higher among boys (34.11%) than girls (6.65%). More boys had negative gender attitudes. The majority of the study participants had multiple ACEs. Boys who experienced more than three or more childhood adversity had two times higher odds (OR: 2.04; CI: 1.01–4.16) of the early sexual debut, while the same figure for girls was thirteen times (OR: 13.13; CI: 3.95–43.69) than their male counterparts. Conclusion The study findings underlined the need for implementing outcome-oriented approaches to adolescents’ health care and behavioural risks. Therefore, identifying and intervening with adolescents and young adults who are at the highest risk of engaging in risky behaviors early in life may reduce the risk of these behaviors persisting into adulthood. In order to avoid health risk behavior in later stages among adolescents and young adults, policymakers need to focus on ACEs as risk factors and take action to reduce this burden. A potential model could be to create awareness among family members, caregivers, and communities to be more empathetic toward the children.

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“…Every drug has different effects on the health of one person to another. Substance abuse and its associated effects are increasing across different countries and populations, especially the youthful population in low, middle-income and developed countries (Fernandes, Spiers, Vaidya, Zhang, Sharma, Holla & Benegal, 2021). In 2022, almost 35% of school-going children were said to have used substances and drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance and Drug Abuse on Human Health; A Case Study of Youth in the USA

2022

JMNPH

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A drug is a chemical substance that alters the functioning of the whole body and brain. The study sought to determine the effects of substance and drug abuse on human health among the youth in the USA. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The study used a purposive sampling technique to get a sample size of 200. The collection of the data was done using questionnaires. The analysis of the study was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study used tables to present the data. The study found that substance and drug abuse is negatively and significantly related to human health (β=-0.548, p=0.005). Thus, when the rate of substance and drug abuse increases by one unit, the human health among the youth in the USA will reduce by 0.548 units while other factors that influence human health are held unchanged. Substance addiction has numerous negative physiological and psychological health consequences. Drug addiction affects your brain and behavior to the point where you can't control your use of legal or illegal drugs. The study concluded that youth substance and drug abuse is a problem affecting both developing and developed countries. The study recommended that prevention of drug problems can employ knowledge about family dynamics to address personal and social concerns of family members that otherwise would lead to drug abuse, both concerning dysfunctional and intact families. The youth need to be enlightened on the consequences of substance and drug abuse on their health. Measures should be put in place to help the affected youth reform from the use of drugs. Centers for counseling and rehabilitation should be set up to care for the youths who have fallen into this trap of substance abuse.

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Adverse childhood experiences and substance misuse in young people in India: results from the multisite cVEDA cohort

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Using Microbiome-Based Approaches to Deprogram Chronic Disorders and Extend the Healthspan following Adverse Childhood Experiences

Using Microbiome-Based Approaches to Deprogram Chronic Disorders and Extend the Healthspan following Adverse Childhood Experiences

Adverse childhood experiences and health risk behaviours among adolescents and young adults: evidence from India

Substance and Drug Abuse on Human Health; A Case Study of Youth in the USA

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