Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence during pregnancy and their association to postpartum depression

Mahenge, Bathsheba; Stöckl, Heidi; Mizinduko, Mucho; Mazalale, Jacob; Jahn, Albrecht

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.036

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The age range was 21-34 years. The incidence of postpartum depression varies greatly, at 35.2%, 13.6%, and 43.7%, respectively [12,14,15]. PPD prevalence has been shown to vary between 3.5% and 63.3% in Asian countries [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prior study has reported that 35.2% of all pregnant subjects were exposed to physical IPV; 18.5% sexual IPV; and some 65% psychological IPV [13]. Another study reported that 8.8% of the participants were subjected to sexual IPV and 12.2% to physical IPV [14]. A study from Turkey reported that pregnant women were most commonly subjected to physical (11.5%), verbal (31.4%), emotional (22.9%), sexual (12.7%), and economic (9.3%) IPV [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of postpartum depression with sociodemographic factors

Güneş¹

2019

Ann Clin Anal Med

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Aim: In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence of postpartum depression, factors affecting the development of postpartum depression and to make a detailed analysis of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and its effects on postpartum depression. Material and Method: This study enrolled 220 participants who were 2-6 months in puerperiumperiod. The ssociodemographic features of the participants and the levels of physical, economic, sexual, and psychological IPV exposed during pregnancy were rated using Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) that determines the risk of postpartum depression. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of 220 participants was 30.84±6.032 years. Thirty-five (15.9%) participants scored 13 or higher in the EPDS score; these 35 participants were considered to have postpartum depression (PPD). There was a significant difference between the EPDS scores by the educational levels of the partners (p<0.05). EPDS score was affected significantly by having a delivery under urgent conditions, developing any infantile complication during delivery, physical and psychological IPV had a significant effect on EPDS (p<0.05). Marriage age and educational level had a significant correlation with physical IPV (p<0.05). Discussion: PPD is a highly prevalent disorder that adversely affects the quality of life of a mother, infant, and all family members. Mothers in the postpartum period should be more closely followed and PPD must be questioned in family health centers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of postpartum depression with sociodemographic factors

Güneş¹

2019

Ann Clin Anal Med

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“…The exposure to IPV significantly increases the odds of PPD and anxiety (43). In another study, four out of ten women reported to have experienced adverse childhood experiences and two out of ten women reported IPV in the index pregnancy which was significantly associated with symptoms of postpartum depression (44).IPV experience is strongly and consistently associated with depression, including depressive symptoms and depressive disorders, and suicide in crosssectional studies of women in both high-and lower-income settings. (45,46).…”

Section: Intimate Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 96%

Comorbid Postpartum Anxiety and Depression and Associated Factors in Mothers with Pre-Term Births: A Descriptive Comparative Study.

Mutua¹,

Kigamwa²,

Ng'ang'a³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction Postpartum depression has been widely studied in relation to peripartum mental health disorders in women in low and middle income countries (LMICs). However, comorbid anxiety and depression and its precursors such as stress associated with neonatal care in hospital, survival of the baby, social support and maternal family dynamics are understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Our focus was to determine the proportion of comorbid postpartum depression and anxiety among mothers of preterm infants receiving intensive care in newborn unit at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), compared to mothers of full-term healthy infants attending Mother Child Health Clinic (MCHC) at Umoja Health Center (UHC) in order to establish the association between comorbid anxiety and depression among mothers with pre-term babies and identify independent predictors of comorbid depression and anxiety. Method This is a descriptive comparative study, where 172 mother-infant dyads; 86 mothers from with term deliveries and 86 with pre-term deliveries were recruited. The participants completed the self-reported Socio-demographic questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Kessler’s 10 (K10) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) to screen for levels of depression, psychological distress and anxiety. Chi-square tests was used to establish the association between comorbid depression and anxiety and socio-demographics. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the independent predictors of comorbid depression and anxiety. Results The overall proportion postpartum depression as measured by EPDS (>=13) was 44.2%, of these 77.6% were mothers with pre-term babies. Similarly, out of 35.1% who screened positive for anxiety 75% (n=45) of them were mothers with pre-term babies. Out of the 26.2% of mothers with psychological distress 75.6% (n=34) of them were mothers with pre-term babies. A total of 43 (25%) screened positive for comorbid depression and anxiety of these 83.7% were (n=36) mothers with pre-term babies. After controlling for all significant associations at bivariate level: the odds of comorbid depression and anxiety was about 6 times more among the mothers with pre-term birth as compared to full term births (A.O.R=5.75; p=0.002), 4.76 times more (A.O.R=4.76; p=0.043) among mothers who reported intimate partner violence as compared to those who did not and 5.95 times more among mothers who screened positive for psychological distress (A.O.R=5.95; p<0.001) as compared to those who screened negative. Conclusion This study found that there are higher proportions of mothers with depression, anxiety, and general distress among mothers with preterm births. Risk factors like IPV and psychological distress should be addressed in postpartum mothers regardless of full term or preterm births as a basic health right of a woman who has delivered. The health care team in Newborn Unit and in postnatal wards at KNH need to be sensitized around how to identify early signs of psychological disturbance among mothers of preterm infants in NICU. Routine group psychological counselling to NICU mothers soon after admission, and thereafter, to allay their fears and anxieties. It would be critical to carry out routine courses around maternal mental health for nursing staff.

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“…Childhood traumas queried (Figure ) were common among participants and there was a significant positive relationship observed between early trauma exposure and chronic health conditions (Felitti & Anda, ). Further studies have strengthened the correlation between high ACE scores and sexual risk taking, poor work performance, premature death of a family member, lung cancer, depression and cardiovascular disease, intimate partner violence, and postpartum depression (Anda et al, , ; Barreto et al, ; Brown et al, ; Hillis, Anda, Felitti, & Marchbanks, ; Mahenge, Stockl, Mizinduko, Mazalale, & Jahn, ). Specific to childhood, a systematic literature review by Oh et al () revealed that early adversity was linked to the following poor pediatric health outcomes: developmental delay, asthma, somatic complaints, sleep disorders, and infections resulting in hospitalization.…”

Section: Adverse Childhood Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma informed public health nursing visits to parents and children

Ballard

George

Zazueta-Lara

et al. 2019

Public Health Nursing

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) research has demonstrated a strong correlation between a traumatic childhood and poor health and social status in adulthood. Maternal/child Public Health Nursing (PHN) home visiting teams frequently encounter families experiencing trauma, thus offering a unique opportunity to assist parents in recognizing the potential harm such stress may have for their child. The Sonoma County Field Nursing team developed a trauma‐informed model utilizing ACEs education in a self‐reflective approach with parents to increase family resilience and reduce the risk for future childhood trauma. This paper presents the supporting research used to develop the trauma‐informed approach and describes the execution of the model by the Sonoma County Field Nursing team.

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Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence during pregnancy and their association to postpartum depression

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

The relationship of postpartum depression with sociodemographic factors

The relationship of postpartum depression with sociodemographic factors

Comorbid Postpartum Anxiety and Depression and Associated Factors in Mothers with Pre-Term Births: A Descriptive Comparative Study.

Trauma informed public health nursing visits to parents and children

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