Adverse Childhood Experiences &amp; mental health – the urgent need for public health intervention in India

Trivedi, Gunjan Y; Pillai, Nishitha R.; Trivedi, Riri G

doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.3.1785

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The findings of the present study underscore the need to consider ACE prevention strategies and programs for alleviating the burden of mental health disorders in India. National-level mental health programs should include ACE screening and prevention as a key component (Trivedi et al, 2021). Besides national policies, healthcare units and educational institutes can play important roles in fostering ACE prevention and mitigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences in mental health of young adults: An exploratory study from Delhi-NCR, India

Chaudhary,

Walia,

Devi

et al. 2023

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: Despite the growing realization regarding the importance of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in adult health outcomes, this area of research has received little scientific attention in low- and middle-income countries, including India. Aims: To understand the overall and domain-specific association of exposure to ACEs with current depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being among young adults of Delhi-NCR. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,812 young adults (aged 18–25 years) of both sexes (68.7% females). Fieldwork was conducted on the campuses of the University of Delhi, Delhi, and Amity University, Noida, India. ACEs, depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being were screened using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and WHO-5 Well-Being Index, respectively. Results: Exposure to ACEs was found to increase the odds of moderate/severe depression, moderate/severe anxiety, and high stress and decreased the odds of good well-being in a dose-response manner. Being bullied, followed by emotional abuse, was associated with the highest odds of current moderate/severe depression, moderate/severe anxiety, and high stress and the lowest odds of good well-being. Further, while several domains of household dysfunction showed poor association with studied mental health outcomes, domains of abuse and violence were more consistently associated. Conclusions: The present study revealed the detrimental impact of ACEs on mental health outcomes among young adults of Delhi-NCR, India, and underscored the relevance of ACEs in the Indian context. Considering the lack of trauma awareness in Indian societies, there is an urgent need to create widespread awareness regarding ACEs and associated health implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences in mental health of young adults: An exploratory study from Delhi-NCR, India

Chaudhary,

Walia,

Devi

et al. 2023

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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“…Similar to food insecurity, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a public health crisis that is harmful and responsible for insurmountable traumatic intrafamilial events. ACEs refer to instances of physical, emotional, sexual, or general maltreatment occurring during the rst 17 years of life (Boullier & Blair, 2018;Felitti et al, 1998;Trivedi et al, 2021;. ACEs encompass events such as parental divorce, witnessing intimate partner violence, parental mental illness, economic hardship, parental or guardian imprisonment, maltreatment, abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, which are often categorized into physical, sexual, and emotional violence (Brown et al, 2023;Hughes et al, 2017;Negriff, 2021;Chipalo & Jeong, 2024).…”

Section: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Food Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent-Reported Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Food Insecurity Among Children in Non-English-Speaking Households in the United States

Chipalo,

Nkwanzi,

Odii

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events associated with the risk of food insecurities in the United States. However, there are limited studies investigating this association, particularly for children aged 0–17 in non-English-speaking households. Therefore, this study examines the association between individual and cumulative ACEs and food insecurity for children in non-English-speaking households in the U.S. Using data extracted from the 2022 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), an analytic sample of 4677 children aged 0–17 was obtained. The dependent variable was binary food insecurity (food secure vs. food insecure). Independent variables included 11 individual ACEs (i.e., economic hardship, parent/guardian divorce, etc) and cumulative ACEs (0 ACE, 1 ACE, 2 ACEs, and 3 ≥ ACEs). Data were analyzed using six sets of multivariate logistic regression models with household food insecurity as an outcome variable across ACEs while controlling for individual, family, and community-level characteristics. Of the 4677 children, 22.4% experienced at least one or more ACEs, and 4.5% experienced food insecurity. After controlling for other factors, individual ACEs, including family economic hardships (aOR = 13.2), parents/guardians divorced (aOR = 2.65), and parents/guardians died (aOR = 3.59) were associated with higher odds of food insecurity among children. After covariates adjustment, children with at least one ACEs (aOR = 1.98), two ACEs (aOR = 3.51), and three or more ACEs (aOR = 2.25) were associated with higher odds of food insecurity compared with children with no ACEs. Therefore, preventing ACEs is crucial to mitigate their negative impact on food insecurity for children and their families. Interventions should focus on preventing ACEs and increasing financial resources needed for economic support, which can be strengthened through public assistance programs such as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs (SNAPs) and Women and Infant programs (WIC) or supplemented by existing social support systems so low-income non-English-speaking families can afford food.

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“…This study found that ACEs were present across all demographic groups and had cumulative negative effects on an individual’s health. Since then, ACEs have been repeatedly linked to negative health outcomes in children and adults, including an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Childhood is arguably the most vulnerable period of human life [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Heart Conditions in Children: Insight from the 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health

Adebiyi

Pietri-Toro

Awujoola³

et al. 2023

Children

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality in adults. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the associations between ACEs and heart diseases among children in the United States. METHODS: Data on children ages 0 to 17 years reported by parents/guardians to have current heart conditions were analyzed. Using Stata version 17 software, descriptive statistics were generated for the demographic characteristics and the various health outcomes using the chi-square of independence. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to determine the associations between ACEs and heart conditions, the severity of heart conditions, and overall health status. RESULTS: There were 826 children with current heart conditions from a total of 68,753 surveyed children. This corresponded to an estimated 780,000 (1.13%) children living with heart conditions in the U.S. On multivariate logistic models, several ACEs, including household economic hardship, parental/guardian’s alcohol/drug abuse, severe mental health illness of parents/guardians, racial/ethnic discrimination, exposure to neighborhood violence, and accumulation of two or more ACEs, were significantly associated with heart diseases among children. Though the accumulation of two or more ACEs did not have a significant association with the severity of heart condition, it was significantly associated with caregiver reports of undesirable overall health status. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs are significantly associated with heart conditions among children and contribute to unfavorable overall health status among children with heart conditions in the U.S. There is a need for policies and programs that will promptly identify ACEs and mitigate their negative impact on children.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences & mental health – the urgent need for public health intervention in India

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Adverse childhood experiences in mental health of young adults: An exploratory study from Delhi-NCR, India

Adverse childhood experiences in mental health of young adults: An exploratory study from Delhi-NCR, India

Parent-Reported Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Food Insecurity Among Children in Non-English-Speaking Households in the United States

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Heart Conditions in Children: Insight from the 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health

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