Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) among American Indians in South Dakota and Associations with Mental Health Conditions, Alcohol Use, and Smoking

Warne, Donald; Dulacki, Kristen; Spurlock, Margaret; Meath, Thomas H. A.; Davis, Melinda M.; Wright, Bill; McConnell, K. John

doi:10.1353/hpu.2017.0133

Cited by 85 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…RRs, HRs, or ORs were extracted at each available ACE count level (adjusted for demographics and socioeconomic status where available; table 1). [3][4][5][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] All articles reported some sociodemographic adjustments and adjusted ORs were transformed into RRs by use of the equation: RR=OR/(1 − p 0 + [p 0 × OR]), where p o is the baseline risk in the absence of ACEs. 37 Adjusted positive and negative counts by condition and ACE category were also generated for use in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We accounted for this overlap by excluding risk factor DALYs captured in causes before calculating DALY totals. Although most studies controlled for age and socioeconomic groups, four studies 22,28,35,36 did not account for both (table 1). We did not adjust our analysis for study quality, but one study 35 consistently reported lower risk estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most studies controlled for age and socioeconomic groups, four studies 22,28,35,36 did not account for both (table 1). We did not adjust our analysis for study quality, but one study 35 consistently reported lower risk estimates. Where studies controlled for socioeconomic groups, we used adjusted risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bellis

Hughes

Ford

et al. 2019

The Lancet Public Health

614

534

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Background An increasing number of studies are identifying associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and ill health throughout the life course. We aimed to calculate the proportions of major risk factors for and causes of ill health that are attributable to one or multiple types of ACE and the associated financial costs. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for studies in which risk data in individuals withACEs were compared with these data in those without ACEs. We searched six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Criminal Justice Databases, and the Education Resources Information Center) for quantitative studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and July 11, 2018, that reported risks of health-related behaviours and causes of ill health in adults that were associated with cumulative measures of ACEs (ie, number of ACEs). We included studies in adults in populations that did not have a high risk of ACEs, that had sample sizes of at least 1000 people, and that provided ACE prevalence data. We calculated the pooled RR for risk factors (harmful alcohol use, illicit drug use, smoking, and obesity) and causes of ill health (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, anxiety, and depression) associated with ACEs. RRs were used to estimate the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of risk attributable to ACEs and the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and financial costs associated with ACEs. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018090356). FindingsOf 4387 unique articles found following our initial search, after review of the titles (and abstracts, when the title was relevant), we assessed 880 (20%) full-text articles. We considered 221 (25%) full-text articles for inclusion, of which 23 (10%) articles met all selection criteria for our meta-analysis. We found a pooled prevalence of 23·5% of individuals (95% CI 18·7-28·5) with one ACE and 18·7% (14·7-23·2) with two or more ACEs in Europe (from ten studies) and of 23·4% of individuals (22·0-24·8) with one ACE and 35·0% (31·6-38·4) with two or more ACEs in north America (from nine studies). Illicit drug use had the highest PAFs associated with ACEs of all the risk factors assessed in both regions (34·1% in Europe; 41·1% in north America). In both regions, PAFs of causes of ill health were highest for mental illness outcomes: ACEs were attributed to about 30% of cases of anxiety and 40% of cases of depression in north America and more than a quarter of both conditions in Europe. Costs of cardiovascular disease attributable to ACEs were substantially higher than for most other causes of ill health because of higher DALYs for this condition. Total annual costs attributable to ACEs were estimated to be US$581 billion in Europe and $748 billion in north America. More than 75% of these costs arose in individuals with two or more ACEs.Interpretation Millions of adults across Europe and north America live with a legacy of ACEs. Our fi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bellis

Hughes

Ford

et al. 2019

The Lancet Public Health

614

534

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[9] Given the well-documented association between ACEs and poor physical and mental health, the prevalence of child maltreatment raises great public health and economic concerns (https://www.acf. [12] The disproportionate exposure to ACEs in certain marginalized populations may exacerbate health disparities, [13] and be transmitted intergenerationally, thus compounding the effects of the initial adversities. In the United States (U.S.) alone, an estimated four million suspected cases of abuse and neglect are referred yearly to child protective services agencies (https://www.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences Run Deep: Toxic Early Life Stress, Telomeres, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, the Biological Markers of Cumulative Stress

2018

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This manuscript reviews recent evidence supporting the utility of telomeres and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in detecting the biological impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and outlines mechanisms that may mediate the connection between early stress and poor physical and mental health. Critical to interrupting the health sequelae of ACEs such as abuse, neglect, and neighborhood disorder, is the discovery of biomarkers of risk and resilience. The molecular markers of chronic stress exposure, telomere length and mtDNAcn, represent critical biological links between ACEs and poor health outcomes. We examine how telomeres and mtDNAcn may exacerbate health disparities and contribute to the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Finally, we explore how these molecular markers of early stress exposure may help define the role of resilience and develop effective interventions to moderate ACE health risk impact.

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“…Established in 2011, NIEJI addresses the lack of culturally appropriate information and community education on elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation in American Indian communities. Efforts to deliver services in these communities is critical in light of fi ndings such as higher rates of adverse childhood experiences among American Indians compared to non-American Indians, which are attributable to incidences of emotional and physical abuse and neglect [75]. EJIG contributes to the improvement of the fi eld of elder maltreatment at large by developing materials, interventions, or programs that can be widely disseminated and/or replicated and by establishing and/ or contributing to the evidence base of knowledge.…”

Section: Federal Programs Initiatives and Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma Caused by Injury or Abuse in Late Life: Experiences, Impacts, and the Federal Response

et al. 2019

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) among American Indians in South Dakota and Associations with Mental Health Conditions, Alcohol Use, and Smoking

Abstract: American Indians in South Dakota experience more ACEs, which may contribute to poor behavioral health. Preventing and mitigating the effects of ACEs may have a significant impact on health disparities in AI populations.

Cited by 85 publications

References 49 publications

Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Adverse Childhood Experiences Run Deep: Toxic Early Life Stress, Telomeres, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, the Biological Markers of Cumulative Stress

Trauma Caused by Injury or Abuse in Late Life: Experiences, Impacts, and the Federal Response

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