Adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution

Mills, Nicholas L; Donaldson, Ken; Hadoke, Paddy W; Boon, Nicholas A.; MacNee, William; Cassee, Flemming R.; Sandström, Thomas; Blomberg, Anders; Newby, David E.

doi:10.1038/ncpcardio1399

Cited by 659 publications

(412 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The estimated annual premature mortality due to air pollution by the World Health Organization reaches 0.8 million (Mills et al 2009; http://www.who.int/whr/ 2002/en/whr02_en.pdf, p. 69). Poloniecki et al (1997) have shown a direct association between events of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and previous day air pollution in London, England.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Mitochondrial Injury Induced by Pulmonary Exposure to Particulate Matter in Rats

Golomb

Matza

Cummings³

et al. 2012

Toxicol Pathol

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Exposure to air pollution has been associated with acute myocardial ischemia, impaired myocardrial function, and ST-segment depression. Particulate matter (PM)-associated metals, especially vanadium and nickel, have been implicated in observed cardiovascular impairments. We aimed to assess the effect of single intratracheal pulmonary exposure to vanadium-rich respirable oil combustion PM (HP-10) on the intrinsic myocardial ischemic tolerance and mitochondrial integrity in rats. The authors subjected isolated heart tissue slices derived from saline or PM-exposed rats to low glucose low oxygen induced ischemia followed by oxygenated condition with glucose supplementation. Mitochondrial structural integrity was determined by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and functionality by the 3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Rats exposed to PM exhibited no apparent inhibition of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in oxygenated conditions at 24 or 48 hr post-PM exposure. However, in conditions of simulated ischemia/reoxygenation, these heart slices showed a delayed but consistent and significant decrease in dehydrogenase activity compared to controls at 48 hr after exposure to PM. Electron microscopy revealed significant myocardial mitochondrial injury upon exposure to PM characterized by mitochondrial swelling and fusion. The authors conclude that exposure to soluble vanadium-rich PM induces mitochondrial functional impairment and structural abnormality, which compromises mitochondrial respiration and results in decreased tolerance to ischemia/reoxygenation in rats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Mitochondrial Injury Induced by Pulmonary Exposure to Particulate Matter in Rats

Golomb

Matza

Cummings³

et al. 2012

Toxicol Pathol

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“…The solid matter alters lung, cardiovascular, nervous system functions, resulting in vascular inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress [38][39][40][41]. Nrf2 participates in resistance to hyperoxia-induced lung injury, it is also important in the response of epithelial cells particle exposure.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Role of Nrf2 in Oxidative and Inflammatory Processes During Menopause

Mendoza¹,

Zamarripa²,

Hernández³

et al. 2016

A Master Regulator of Oxidative Stress - The Transcription Factor Nrf2

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The increase in life expectancy leads to the possibility of development chronic diseases, from special physiological conditions as occurs in the menopause, which is defined as the permanent cessation of ovulation, marked by the end of menstruation. It has been related to decreased ovarian function that occurs around an age of 45 years. This event involves the reduction in estrogen production and may contribute to the development of chronic-degenerative diseases. Many diseases developed during menopause have been associated with oxidative stress, such as osteoporosis, hot flushes, cognitive impairment, insulin resistance, dry skin, obesity, and cardiovascular events. The knowledge about the participation of Nrf2 in diseases that occur during menopause is very limited. Here, only diseases such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and dry skin, which are present during menopause and its later stages have been described. The Nrf2 pathway involves the participation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and eNOS, which act as mediators for cytoprotection and antioxidation. Compounds such as equol, fitoestrogens, alkyl cathecols, or curcumin could be offered as options to antioxidant treatment, added the fact that they are present in fruits and vegetables which are rich in vitamins, minerals and calcium, thus including all the required nutrients for an adequate nutrition.

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“…Likewise, smaller particles including PM 2.5 have a higher influence in respiratory illness such as inflammation compared to larger particles (Nurul Anis Sofiah and Juliana, 2013;Mills et al, 2009). Fine particles exist in greater numbers with greater surface area than larger particles of the same mass.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Concentration Of Tnf-α Among School mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Biomarkers of Exposure to Indoor Pollutants Among Primary School Children in Klang Valley

Jalaludin

Noh

Suhaimi

et al. 2014

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Poor indoor air quality can be particularly harmful to children and interfere with the growth of their lung function as they spend much of their time indoors. In order to understand the mechanism of exposure in the airways, biomarkers were used as a surrogate for biological responses towards indoor air pollutants. This study aims to investigate the association between indoor air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 ) among school children in different area of urban and rural site in Klang Valley. A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among 430 healthy schoolchildren from a national primary school. Methods involved questionnaires based on American Thoracic Society and sputum samples for biomarkers assay. Indoor exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 (Dust Trak Aerosol Monitor) and NO 2 (LaMotte Air Sampler) were measured in the classroom. Mean concentration of PM 2.5 (50.72 µg/m 3 ) in urban schools were significantly higher compared to rural (28.36 µg/m 3 ) school. Similar trend found in indoor level of PM 10 in urban and rural schools with 87.04 µg/m 3 and 56.76 µg/m 3 respectively. The mean exposure level of NO 2 of urban schools (0.12 ppm) is nearly 4 times higher than the level in rural areas (0.032 ppm). A significant association was found between indoor air concentrations (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) with TNF-alpha level. Children from rural areas are exposed to less air pollutants compared to those from urban area and this study also suggests that higher exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 are associated with increasing of TNF-alpha level.

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Adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution

Cited by 659 publications

References 68 publications

Myocardial Mitochondrial Injury Induced by Pulmonary Exposure to Particulate Matter in Rats

Myocardial Mitochondrial Injury Induced by Pulmonary Exposure to Particulate Matter in Rats

Possible Role of Nrf2 in Oxidative and Inflammatory Processes During Menopause

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Biomarkers of Exposure to Indoor Pollutants Among Primary School Children in Klang Valley

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