Adventure and Extreme Sports

Gomez, Andrew T.; Rao, Ashwin L.

doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.09.009

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Injury causing events are varied ( Table 3) but most likely to stem from a fall (Keays & Dumas, 2014;Osberg et al, 1998). In infants and children, most injuries follow a loss of balance, failed trick attempt or an abrupt stop of the skateboard by an irregularity on the ride surface, projecting the skateboarder in the direction of travel (Forsman & Eriksson, 2001;Fountain & Meyers 1996;Gomez & Rao, 2016;Keays & Dumas, 2014;Macdonald, 2006). Plastic/bending fractures can occur when falling skateboarders brace themselves with an outstretched arm (Swischuk, 2015).…”

Section: What Are the Inciting Events?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since there are far more regular riders than goofy riders, most skateboarding injuries occur on the left side of the body (Shuman & Meyers, 2015) or ipsilateral side of the leading foot. Other injury dynamics include the ankle getting stuck between skateboard and ground, collisions with motor vehicles, collision with a flying skateboard during an aerial trick and limb strains due to mismanaged execution (Forsman & Eriksson, 2001;Gomez & Rao, 2016;Keays & Dumas, 2014;Rethnam, 2008). Equipment problems, fatigue and overuse may also cause or contribute to injuries (Nathanson et al, 2016).…”

Section: What Are the Inciting Events?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric and adolescent injury in skateboarding

Feletti

Brymer

2018

Research in Sports Medicine

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Skateboarding has become an international action sport attractive to young people. For this reason, skateboarding has been promoted by some researchers as important for encouraging young people to become more physically active. However, skateboarding is also considered to be inherently dangerous by the medical and broader community and as a result skateboarding is banned in many places. This paper reviews scientific literature on the features, outcomes and risk factors related to skateboarding injuries. Findings suggest that while skateboarding injuries can be severe, skateboarding is not as dangerous as it might appear if appropriate risk management steps are taken. Skateboarding should be encouraged as a worthy physical activity and local communities should consider providing specialised, supervised spaces for young people to practice this sport.

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Section: What Are the Inciting Events?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Are the Inciting Events?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric and adolescent injury in skateboarding

Feletti

Brymer

2018

Research in Sports Medicine

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“…Leptospirosis is a zoonotic spirochete, which uses rodents as a primary reservoir and is spread through water contaminated with infected urine [5]. Recently, other animals have also been suggested as reservoirs including dogs, cattle, bats and sea lions [6].…”

Section: Whitewater Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As this paper's goal is to explore infection risk of adventure travel not yet well defined, several activities with well defined infection risks, such as fishing, hunting and safaris were excluded. Injuries such as fractures, head injuries, eye injuries and lacerations are by far the most common medical problem associated with these activities and education on prevention should be covered during pre-travel consultations [5]. An excellent text by Heggie and Caine provides a comprehensive review of injuries associated with adventure sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections associated with adventure travel: A systematic review

Gundacker

Rolfe

Rodríguez

2017

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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a b s t r a c tAim: To review infections associated with adventure travel. Methods: The PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases were searched combining the words infection with the following keywords: rafting, whitewater, surfing, (surfer* or windsurf*), (caves or caving or spelunking), (triathlon or trekking) or (hiking or adventure race), bicycling, backpacking, (mountain climb* or bouldering), horseback riding, orienteering, trekking, and skiing. Results: Adventure travel is becoming much more common among travelers and it is associated with a subset of infectious diseases including: leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, viral hemorrhagic fevers, rickettsial diseases and endemic mycosis. Caving and whitewater rafting places individuals at particular risk of leptospirosis, schistosomiasis and endemic mycosis, while adventure races also place individuals at high risk of a variety of infections including campylobacter, norovirus and leptospirosis. Conclusion: Travel practitioners need to be aware of the risks associated with adventure travel and should educate individuals about the risks associated with various activities. Doxycycline prophylaxis should be considered for travelers who are susceptible to leptospirosis due to participation in high-risk sports such as whitewater rafting, caving or adventure races.

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“…All organisms on earth have evolved under a constant gravitational acceleration of 1 g . Space flight is a clear deviation from this, but also physical exercises and extreme sports, such as some amusement rides, skydiving, bungee jumping, or wing-suit flying, can change the experienced gravitational force and elicit acute stress (van Westerloo et al, 2011; Gomez and Rao, 2016; Liu et al, 2016). The changes range from microgravity at near weightlessness to hypergravity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Changes to the Gravitational Field Negatively Affect the Serum Concentration of Select Growth Factors and Cytokines

et al. 2019

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Space flights, some physical activities, and extreme sports can greatly alter the gravitational forces experienced by the body. Being a deviation from the constant pull of Earth, these alterations can be considered gravitational stress and have the potential to affect physiological processes. Physical cues play a vital role in the homeostasis and function of the immune system. The effect of recurrent alterations of the gravitational pull on the levels of soluble mediator such as cytokines is unknown. Parabolic flights provide a controlled environment and make these a suitable model to study the effects of gravitational stress. Utilizing this model, we evaluated the effects of short-term gravitational stress on serum concentration of cytokines and other soluble mediators. Blood was taken from 12 healthy volunteers immediately before the first parabola and immediately after the last. Samples taken on the ground at corresponding time points the day before were used to control for circadian effects. A wide range of soluble mediators was analyzed using a multiplex bead assay. We found that the rate-change of eight molecules was significantly affected by the parabolic flight. Among other functions, these molecules, EGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, HGF, IP-10, Eotaxin (CCL11), TARC, and Angiopoietin-2, can be associated with bone remodeling and immune activation. It is therefore possible that gravitational stress can have clinically relevant impact on the control of a wide range of physiological processes.

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Adventure and Extreme Sports

Cited by 20 publications

References 75 publications

Pediatric and adolescent injury in skateboarding

Pediatric and adolescent injury in skateboarding

Infections associated with adventure travel: A systematic review

Repeated Changes to the Gravitational Field Negatively Affect the Serum Concentration of Select Growth Factors and Cytokines

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