Advantages and Limitations of Using Nano Sized Powders for Powder Injection Molding Process: A Review

Abstract

Powder injection molding (PIM) is among the most known forming techniques that use material powders. This technique has been widely evaluated for the production of large scale and small components using metal and ceramic powders. Nano particles have larger surface-to-volume ratio compared with large-sized particles, thus they display high surface area. Some merits in the application of nano-sized particles in the PIM process includes increasing its comparative density at a low sintering temperature, decreasing sintering temperature, decreasing grain size of sintered bodies, increasing hardness value, and improving surface properties. However, it also has several disadvantages, which include increasing the viscosity behaviour of feedstock, oxidation, and agglomeration. This article reviews current studies on the effects of nano-sized particles on the PIM process and finding solutions to address its disadvantages.

Direct Ink Writing of Mineral Materials: A review

“…5 Second, complex shapes especially pore structures can be fabricated relatively easily with DIW, whereas conventional methods are limited to the fabrication of parts with two−dimensional (2D) and simple three−dimensional (3D) geometries. 6 Third, the combined high−precision and complex structure could achieve better manipulation of physical or chemical properties that are difficult to obtain using conventional processes. The attractive features of the DIW process can be applied advantageously to the fabrication of mineral materials (Fig.…”

Characterization of Fabricated Feedstock Using Nano Powders and a Water-Soluble Binder in Micro Metal Injection Molding

“…Finally, Viscosity values of fabricated feedstocks containing 10,20 and 30% Nano powder shows that wet milling method and bimodal powders to get a broad particle size distribution can introduce a method to produce feedstock in MIM process. This means that based on reported results in above section, Nano powders due to containing high surface area cause to increase viscosity and powder loading even increased high injection temperature [16]. However, achieved results in this work shows that using hybrid of Nano and micro powder can be utilized to produce a feedstock with low viscosity.…”

Nanoscale Synthesis of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Solid-State Lithium Ion Battery Electrolyte: A Structural and Ionic Conductivity Study

“…Looking at the role of particle size in the sintering process, the nanosized particles have an increasing densification rate or sintering rate, which is higher than the microparticles do at lower temperatures. 37 Kim et al sintered the Fe material with two different particle sizes, wherein the Fe particle of 3 μm achieved a relative density of nearly 93% at 1100 °C, whereas the Fe particle of 50 nm achieved a relative density of 97% at 700 °C. 38 Therefore, this work aims to prepare LATP through organic solvent-free aqueous-based sol−gel synthesis and reduce the LATP particle to the nano size using the ball milling process, and consequently, to obtain the optimal relative density and ionic conductivity at a lower sintering temperature without any external assistance.…”

“…Since the nanomaterial has a higher surface area, it can lead to a higher rate of electron transfer and a shorter electron transfer path. Looking at the role of particle size in the sintering process, the nanosized particles have an increasing densification rate or sintering rate, which is higher than the microparticles do at lower temperatures . Kim et al sintered the Fe material with two different particle sizes, wherein the Fe particle of 3 μm achieved a relative density of nearly 93% at 1100 °C, whereas the Fe particle of 50 nm achieved a relative density of 97% at 700 °C …”